Indian poetics by Vinod Joshi

                 Introduction

As we know that Vinod Joshi is one of the famous poet. Also, we have learnt so many poems of vinod Joshi. Which were in our syllabus but without part of syallabus we mostly like to listen the poem of Professor Vinod Joshi . let's come to the some biography of poet...who will teach to us so many things.

Which will give benefit to us because we are student of literature but we must have some knowledge of literature.so let us see the Life of vinod Joshi.

According to source...

Vinod Joshi ... 

(born 13 August 1955) is an Indian poet, writer and literary critic in Gujarati language from Gujarat, India. His notable works include Parantu, a collection of Geet (lyric poetry), Shikhandi, a long narrative poem based on Shikhandi, a character from the Mahābhārata, Radio Natak: Swarup ane Siddhant (Radio Drama: Form and Theory, an abridged Ph.D. thesis), Tundil-tundika, a form of padyavarta, a Gujarati medieval literary genre, and Zalar Vage Zoothadi, a collection of poems. He is the recipient of the Jayant Pathak Puraskar (1985), Critic's award (1986), Kavishwar Dalpatram Award (2013), Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar (2015), Narsinh Mehta Award (2018), and Kalapi Award (2018).

Born	Vinod Joshi 13 August 1955 (age 65) Bhoringda, Amreli, Gujarat
Occupation	Professor, poet, writer, literary critic
Language	Gujarati
Nationality	Indian
Education	M.A., Ph.D
Period	Post-modern Gujarati literature
Genres	Geet, Sonnet, long narrative metrical poems
Notable awards	Kavishwar Dalpatram Award (2013) Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar (2015) Narsinh Mehta Award (2018) Kalapi Award (2018)
Spouse	Vimal Joshi   ​ ( 1981)

 According to Wikipedia source

Early life..

Vinod Joshi was born on 13 August 1955 in Bhoringda, a village of Amreli district of Gujarat state. His family is a native of Botad. His father, Hargovinddas Joshi, was a Sanskrit scholar, and served as a Panchayat Mantri in rural Saurashtra. Joshi has been influenced by the folkloric Gujarati language of his mother, Lilavati Joshi.

Joshi completed his preschool education at Mohanlal Motichand Balmandir, Gadhada. He completed his primary education at the Government School of Turkha, a village in Botad district, from 1960 to 1966. He received secondary schooling from the N.T.M Government High School, Surendranagar (1967–1968); Sarvoday Vidyalaya, Lathidad (1969), and from the Government High School, Botad (1970).^[1]

Joshi earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Gujarati literature at the Kavishri Botadkar Arts and Commerce College, Botad, in 1975. He completed his Master of Arts at the Gujarati Anusnatak Kendra (Gujarati Postgraduate Centre) at Saurashtra University, Bhavnagar (1976), and the Gujarati Bhasha Sahitya Bhavan (Gujarati Language and Literature Department) at Saurashtra University (1977). He earned a Ph.D. in 1980 from the Gujarati Bhasha Sahitya Bhavan, Saurashtra University, for his research thesis Radio Nataknu Kalaswaroop Ane Gujaratima Teno Vikas (The Art of Radio Drama and its Development in the Gujarati Language) under the supervision of Ishwarlal R. Dave.

He is married to Vimal Joshi, and they  have a son, Aditya.

Let's come  to the point

What we have learnt from the vinod joshi's session

what is Interest According to you?

Poem is like a Inner interest .However, what is literature

What is Art?

If you can understand Art.so we can say that you are able to understand the poetics. If you can enjoy the pleasure so how can you find the pleasure.?

👉Difference between Indian poetics vs Western poetics

🌟Western are focusing on Results than the action

⭐✨Indian's are focusing on action rather than the Results. It's major difference between western & indian poetics.

Also, we have learnt the play of shakuntala 

                                                            By kalidas

Kalidas  was a Classical Sanskrit author who is often considered ancient India's greatest playwright and dramatist. His plays and poetry are primarily based on the Vedas, the Rāmāyaṇa, the Mahābhārata and the Purāṇas.His surviving works consist of three plays, two epic poems and two shorter poems.

     This marvelous play has been named after its heroine. Here Shakuntala has played a significant role. Her lover King Dushyant is the hero of this play. If Shakuntala is a beautiful picture of womanhood, Dushyant is the sublime hero. The heroine of the play is a youthful maiden between fifteen and eighteen. The hero of the play appears to be young between thirty and thirty five. Shakuntala had heavenly beauty. It was inherited from her mother, Menaka. Dushyant was also youthful, handsome, and majestic and of sweet address. Being a paragon of beauty, Shakuntala fascinated the heart of king Dushyant.Shakuntala and Dushyant: Shakuntala by heart is very beautiful. There is nothing artificial in her beauty. It is essentially natural. It free completely  from coquettish trapping. She had womanly modesty and purity of mind. Dushyanta, on the other hand, has extreme nobility. As a man of honour he wishes to know whether Shakuntala is married or even betrothed. He shows his utmost respect for the sages. Like Dushyanta, Shakuntala also shows a full sense of female honour. Her words prove her lively sense of feminine dignity and her respect for elders.

👉Theme of the Abhigyan shakuntalam

‘Waiting is a real sign of true love and patience, anyone can say i love you, but in reality not everyone can wait and prove that its true’. These lines are proved  true in the play Abhigyana Shakuntalam. It is a beautiful tale of love and romance written by one of the greatest poets of India, Kalidasa, one of the greatest Sanskrit poet that India ever had and his life history is absolutely fascinating and interesting. Perhaps the most famous and beautiful work of his is Shakuntalam. This is a love drama and  we can feel love showering throughout the play. Their love brings us on a journey that makes us laugh, cry tears of happiness and sorrow, and even blows us away by their love. This story basically focuses on the theme of love.  It centralizes on the thought that ‘We are born alone, we live alone, we die alone. Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that we are not alone.’ It defines love very well as we can feel a very differnent  kind of sensation in almost every aspect of this play.

  Vinod Joshi started his lecture as literary criticism is literary philosophy .And also in the first day he started lecture on the difference between indian poetics and western poetics . so that basic diffrance he also gave to us .which type of the difference we can see in that both poetry are differ from each other . also give to the reference of the aristotle, longinus ,eliot ,arnold ,croce and other sanscrit critics bharat muni , abinav gupt , kuntak , rajshekhar ,anand vardhan. western poetics deals with the results while indian poetics deal with the mind of the poets and alsomprocess of the poets . in that lecture he say that also language also developed our emotions so we use to develop our emotions. in the first lecture he also said that tools is very important to understand poems into easy way.  in this lecture he also discussed on two gujrati words BHAV AND RASA . he also say that literature is into language but language is not proper emotions .and he also gave one example of the child here in this statement.whithout language thinking is not possible . and in the last he discussed on the six schools of the Natyashastra.

The elements of Poetics or Kavya-agama are said to be ten:

1 Kavya-svarupa (nature of poetry); causes of poetry, definition of poetry, various classes of poetry and purpose of poetry;
2 Sabda-Shakthi, the significance of words and their power;
3 Dhvani-kavya , the poetry suggestive power is supreme ;
4 Gunibhuta-Vangmaya-kavya , the poetry where suggested  (Dhvani)  meaning is secondary to the primary sense;
5 Rasa: emotive content;
6  Guna: excellence of poetic expression ;
7  Riti ; style of poetry or diction;
8  Alamkara : figurative beauty of poetic expressions ;
9  Dosha ; blemishes in poetic expressions that need to be avoided; and ,
10  Natya-vidhana the  dramatic effect or dramaturgy.

Also, we have learn that the six types of vakroti......

Varnavinyas

Vadapurvadha

Padaparardha

Vakya

Prakarana

Prabandha

According to Kuntaka

                                    vakroti is the source of beauty in kavya which is quite opposite to the description of a thing as it is.

According to Bhamaha

                                     vakroti as a mode of expression because it is the fundamental principle of figurative expression.

According to Vamana

                           'Vakrokti as a special poetic figure based on Lakshna'

Also, one Important point is that the Vinod Joshi Included that one famous quote of the Macbeth play  "To be or note to be that is question" .when the last day of vinod joshi's class at that time i had shared one poem. which is my best and favourite poem. which is given below.                                                 

મોત જેવા નામ થી હું બીવ એવો નથી, 

એ બીક થી department ચુકી જાવ એવો હું નથી.

બસ રોજ આવુ છુ હુ અહીંયા એ જ્ઞાન ને સાંભળવા,

પણ મેલબોર્ન એ મારા નસીબ માં નથી.

બસ લઈ લીધુ એ લેપટૉપ હવે,

હવે મને Australia ની ખ્વાહીશ પણ નથી.

બસ મળી ગયું એ બધુ હવે કંઈ જવાની જરૂર પણ નથી

બસ સાંભળુ છું હું એ પક્ષીઓ હવે મને

કંઈ દાડમ ના રસ માં પણ રસ નથી.

બસ મળી ગયું હવે  મને એ બધુ એ laptop માં,

હવે કંઈ વીઝા ની પણ જરૂર નથી..........

               Conclusion

The Indian poetics is very different than the western culture, when we were attending the The Lecture of Indian poetics.  Basically, we understood the exact theory of  Indian poetics. so the all lecture were golden period for us .

 1590 words

                                                    

                                                        Thanks😊

Indian Festival :Bonfire

                       Introduction 👀

As we all know that the people of india are celebrating the famous but important festival  is bonfire. however there are several kind of story of Prahlad.we can say that it's all about myth .People are following the different rules and regulations. They have mindset of religion thoughts.They think that The holi is mainly festivals of india.we must have to follow the myth story .

we are people of Tradition . if we know that it will reality of the story so now we don't have any answer just we are following the traditional things like we can take the example of god .if any one is hindu and Muslim so they both have different god .one is following the pray and one is following the Namaj .so it's our belief that if I am hind so some kind of mataji like Krishna is god of that caste and allah is god of muslim .so  we are living with the Victorian erra .Now we are modern century but past is more important for us as we know we have tradition of the festival.Example: in diwali they are so many people are celebrating the carnival festival they just take the firework and celebrate the day of diwali .firework can blast but also the problem of noise pollution. pollution is the part of people can't understand the problem of pollution.

Also,we know that the story of prahlad and his father Hiranya Kashyap .so There was one kind of myth story,we are looking that the lord vishnu.so prahlad was believed in the god Vishnu but his father is not believe in that things .He was seeing that I am a God there is nothing more important than me .you have to believe to me than the God Vishnu so after her sister holika seat on the q bonfire but unfortunately she was died and his brother's son prahlad lived alive from the bonfire.It's myth story that's why people are celebrating the festival of Holi.

Origin of Holikadahan👇

  For many traditions in Hinduism, Holi celebrates the death of Holika in order to save Prahlad and we see where Holi gets its name. The night before Holi, pyres are burnt in North India in keeping with this tradition. In some parts of India the day is actually called Holika There are other activities associated with the story of Prahlad, but the burning of Holika is the one that we can most directly associate with Holi. The story as a whole is testament to the power of devotion over the evil represented by King Hiranyakashyapu, as Prahlad never lost his faith.

The burning of Holika is the most common explanation according to Hindu Puranas for the celebration of Holi. In different parts of India varying reasons are given for Holika's death:

• Vishnu intervened and hence Holika was burnt.
• Brahma had given Holika the power on the understanding that it can never be used to harm anyone.
• Holika was good and it was her clothes that gave her the power. Knowing the evil about to be done to Prahlad, she gave these to the boy to save him, sacrificing herself.
• When Holika sat on the pyre, she donned her flame-shielding shawl and sat Prahlad down on her lap. When the fire was lit, Prahlad began praying to Vishnu, who summoned a gust of wind that blew the shawl off Holika and onto Prahlad, saving him and letting her burn to death.

There is also another story behind Holi that involves a burning sacrifice for the sake of love. The story of Shiva and Kamadev.

Before Shiva was married to Goddess Parvati, Kamadeva (God of Love) and his wife Rati (Goddess of love) tried to help Goddess Parvati win Shiva as her husband. Kamadev and Rati shot their arrow at Shiva in order to disturb his meditation and to make him marry Parvati. But the disturbance caused Shiva to open his third eye and its powerful gaze burned Kamadev into ashes and his wife Rati was broken-hearted. Although, the arrow did not work (itself got destroyed in process), Shiva and Parvati did marry later. At their wedding, Rati begged Shiva to bring Kamadev back to her. Shiva agreed, and restored Kamadeva as a Virtual image with true emotions.

Why people are celebrating the holi as a festival?💥

One of Hiranyakashipu's attempts to kill his son Prahlada was to have him sit on a burning pyre with his aunt Holika. Holika had a special boon that prevented her from being harmed by fire. Prahlada chanted Vishnu's name and in the battle of good against evil, Holika was burnt down but nothing happened to Prahlad. The burning of Holika is celebrated in Hinduism as the festival of Holi.

Hiranyakashipu's elder brother, Hiranyaksha was slain by Varaha avatar of Lord Vishnu. Angered by this, Hiranyakashipu decided to gain magical powers by performing a penance for Lord Brahma. He is subsequently killed by the Narasimha avatara of Lord Vishnu.His tale depicts the futility of desiring power over others and the strength of God's protection over his fully surrendered devotees (in the case of his son Prahlada).

Hiranyakashipu, according to legend, earned a boon from Lord Brahma that made him virtually indestructible.

The story of Hiranyakashipu is in three parts. The first has to do with the curse of the Four Kumaras on the gatekeepers of Vaikuntha, Jaya and Vijaya, which causes them to be born as the daityas Hiranyakashipu and Hiranyaksha. The second part deals with Hiranyakashipu's penance to propitiate Brahma and gain a boon from him. The final part deals with his efforts to kill his son Prahlada (a devotee of Vishnu) and his subsequent death at the hands of Narasimha.

Who was prahlad?

king, the son of Hiranyakashipu and Kayadhu, and the father of Virochana. He belonged to the Kashyapa gotra. He is described as a saintly boy from the Puranas known for his piety and bhakti to Vishnu. Despite the abusive nature of his father, Hiranyakashipu, he continued his devotion towards God Vishnu.[2] He is considered to be a mahājana, or great devotee, by followers of Vaishnava traditions and is of special importance to devotees of Narasimha avatar. A treatise is accredited to him in the Bhagavata Purana in which Prahlāda describes the process of loving worship to Vishnu. The majority of stories in the Puranas are based on the activities of Prahlāda as a young boy, and he is usually depicted as such in paintings and illustration.

Who was Holika?💃

Holika was a demoness, sister of King Hiranyakashipu and aunt of Prahlad. On the night before holi, the pyre is lit, signifying Holika Dahan. People sing and dance around the fire. The next day people play Holi, the popular festival of colours.

Are you wondering why a demoness is worshiped during the festival? It is believed that Holika was created to ward off all fears. She was a symbol of power, wealth and prosperity and could bestow those to her worshippers. Hence, Holika is worshipped along with Prahlada before Holika Dahan.

Holika Dahan story👺

According to Bhagavat Purana, there was a king named Hiranyakashipu, to fulfil his desire he performed the required Tapas (penance) until he was granted a boon by Brahma. The boon gave Hiranyakashyapu five special powers: he could be killed by neither a human being nor an animal, neither indoors nor outdoors, neither at day nor at night, neither by astra (weapons that are launched) nor by any shastra (weapons that are handheld), and neither on land nor in water or air.

As this wish was granted to him, he felt that he was invincible, which made him arrogant. He was so egoistic that he commanded everybody in his kingdom to worship only him. He punished and killed anyone who did not accept his orders. However, his son Prahlad disagreed with his father and refused to worship his father as a god. He continued believing and worshipping Lord Vishnu. This made Hiranyakashipu very angry and he made various attempts to kill his son Prahlad but Lord Vishnu saved him every time. Finally, he asked his sister, Holika for help.

Holika had been granted a boon that had made her immune to fire but she got burnt to death as the boon was applicable only when she entered the fire alone. Prahlad, who kept chanting the name of Lord Narayana, came out unharmed, as the Lord blessed him for his extreme devotion. Hiranyakashipu, the demon king was later killed by Lord Vishnu's 4th Incarnation which was Narasimha.

Therefore, Holi derives its name from Holika and still people enact the scene of 'Holika's burning to ashes' every year to mark the victory of good over evil. As the legend depicts that anybody, howsoever strong, cannot harm a true devotee. And, those who dare torture a true devotee of god shall be reduced to ashes.

Conclusion👊

The story of holika Dahan is one of the myth kind  story of prahlad.who was the son of Hiranyakasyap

But the prahlad believed in the idea of  god (Vishnu) that was the one of the reason of prahlad and holika seat on the bonfire but unfortunately holika was died and prahlad was survive.so that story through people are celebrating the holi as a festival.

1543 words 

       Thanks😊

when god is a traveller by Arundhathi subramaniam

                                     Introduction😊

The poem is about some myth kind of story of shiv and Parvati. so Nature is a metaphor of which things are happening with us .The poem when God is traveller is a very different kind of Title but poem and its meanings are very different. Basically, There are so many people who give his own idea about this poem. The poem has a very unique title  as we know that the God is traveller but the poet has a very different perseptive of the poem that's how she got the Sahitya academy 2021 award.

when we are see the book's page at that time we can feel what's the thing is in her poem. Let us to know that the some biography of  the poet.

 Arundhathi subramaniam

This poem is based on the incident between Lord Ganesha and Lord Kartikeya.Lord Shiva and his consort Parvati had two sons named Kartikeya (Kartika) and Ganesha (Vinayaka). The elder was Kartikeya and the younger Ganesha. In South India Kartikeya is popularly known as Lord Subramanya.

Arundhati Subramaniam's poetry takes us on a journey through different situations, emotions, beliefs, stigmas and compelled you to open the aperture of deep-seated lyrical self underneath our heart.

In 'When God is a Traveller', Subramaniam weaves metaphors, metaphors that are distinctly hers, into language that is simultaneously fluid and simple. Everydayness is woven as a metaphor rife with allusions to the deeper meanings of life. At first glance, the poems from this collection come across as beautiful but not .

Many readings of this award-winning text exist but they highlight the religious aspect of the text. While it undoubtedly adheres to a certain religious context, it differs widely in terms of the figures of the Hindu pantheon represented, that is, the ones within the text are not really the most popular of the Hindu gods. Moreover, what Subramaniam does is that she uses these figures but challenges the canonical religious stories through her representations, as can be observed in the poem ‘Benaras’, an underappreciated piece. She tries to highlight the personal side of one’s religious beliefs, for instance in the poem ‘How Some Hindus Find Their Personal Gods’.

    Finally, what especially stands out in Subramaniam’s poetry collection is the imagery. Even when the meaning of the poems eludes the reader, the meaning-making processes remain accessible through the vivid images constructed, which interact with each other to produce meaning. In this text, the meaning is created through the words as well as through the imagery. This gives it a subliminal quality of sorts.

The Life of Arundhathi subramaniam👇

  

   As a source of Wikipedia...

Arundhathi Subramaniam's volume of poetry, When God is a Traveller (2014) was the Season Choice of the Poetry Book Society, shortlisted for the T.S. Eliot Prize. She is the recipient of various awards and fellowships, including the inaugural Khushwant Singh Prize, the Raza Award for Poetry, the Zee Women's Award for Literature, the International Piero Bigongiari Prize in Italy, the Mystic Kalinga award, the Charles Wallace, Visiting Arts and Homi Bhabha Fellowships, among others. Arundhathi has won the Sahitya Akademi Award for When God is a Traveller .

As prose writer, her books include The Book of Buddha, a bestselling biography of a contemporary mystic, Sadhguru: More Than a Life and most recently, Adiyogi: The Source of Yoga (co-authored with Sadhguru). As editor, her most recent book is the Penguin anthology of sacred poetry, Eating God.

Her poetry has been published in various international journals and anthologies, including Reasons for Belonging: Fourteen Contemporary Poets (Penguin India); Sixty Indian Poets (Penguin India), Both Sides of the Sky (National Book Trust, India),We Speak in Changing Languages (Sahitya Akademi), Fulcrum No 4: An Annual of Poetry and Aesthetics (Fulcrum Poetry Press, US), The Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Indian Poets (Bloodaxe, UK), Anthology of Contemporary Indian Poetry^[7( United States ), The Dance of the Peacock An Anthology of English Poetry from India,featuring 151 Indian English poets, edited by Vivekanand Jha and published by Hidden Brook Press, Canada. and Atlas: New Writing (Crossword/ Aark Arts)

When God is a Traveller

Trust the god back from his travels, his voice wholegrain (and chamomile), 

his wisdom neem, his peacock, sweaty-plumed, drowsing in the shadows.

Trust him who sits wordless on park benches listening to the cries of children fading into the dusk, 

his gaze emptied of vagrancy, his heart of ownership.

Trust him who has seen enough— revolutions, promises, the desperate light of shopping malls, hospital rooms, manifestos, theologies, the iron taste of blood, the great craters in the middle of love. 

Trust him who no longer begrudges his brother his prize, his parents their partisanship.  

Trust him whose race is run, whose journey remains, who stands fluid-stemmed knowing he is the tree that bears fruit, festive with sun.

 

Trust him who recognizes you— auspicious, abundant, battle-scarred, alive— and knows from where you come. 

Trust the god ready to circle the world all over again this time for no reason at all other than to see it through your eyes.

Summary of the Poem👇

These are poems of wonder and precarious elation, about learning to embrace the seemingly disparate landscapes of hermitage and court, the seemingly diverse addresses of mystery and clarity, disruption and stillness - all the roadblocks and rewards on the long dangerous route to recovering what it is to be alive and human. Wandering, digging, falling, coming to terms with unsettlement and uncertainty, finiteness and fallibility, exploring intersections between the sacred and the sensual, searching for ways to step in and out of stories, cycles and frames - these are some of the recurrent themes. These poems explore various ambivalences - around human intimacy with its bottlenecks and surprises, life in a Third World megapolis, myth, the politics of culture and gender, and the persistent trope of the existential journey.

Central Theme of this poem:💭

These poems explore various ambivalences - around human intimacy with its bottlenecks and surprises, life in a Third World megapolis, myth, the politics of culture and gender, and the persistent trope of the existential journey

If we look at the theme of the poem, Wandering, digging, falling, coming to terms with unsettlement and uncertainty, finiteness and fallibility, exploring intersections between the sacred and the sensual, searching for ways to step in and out of stories, cycles and frames

1250words Thanks😊

Assignment: Literature of the Neo classical period

Struggle of  the fishermen in the old man and the sea👴

          Name - Jignesh  K. Panchasara

             Paper - Literature of  the Neo classical period

             Roll No- 9

             Enrollment no-3069206420200013

Email id-jigneshpanchasara5758@gmail.com

             Batch- MA 2020-2022

Submitted to - S.B Gardi Department of              English, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji  

                                 Bhavnagar University.  

          

         The old man and the sea

                                               Ernest Hemingway

                   Introduction👇 

    Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution.

During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms(1929), the study of an American ambulance officer’s disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman’s journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.

           Hemingway – himself a great sportsman – liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters – tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith. His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his predilection for understatement are particularly effective in his short stories, some of which are collected in Men Without Women (1927) and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938). Hemingway died in Idaho in 1961.    

The Old Man and the Sea👀

The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cayo Blanco (Cuba), and published in 1952.It was the last major work of fiction written by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Cuba. In 1953, The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and it was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to their awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954.

The Old Man and the Sea is the story of an epic struggle between an old, seasoned fisherman and the greatest catch of his life. For eighty-four days, Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman, has set out to sea and returned empty-handed. So conspicuously unlucky is he that the parents of his young, devoted apprentice and friend, Manolin, have forced the boy to leave the old man in order to fish in a more prosperous boat. Nevertheless, the boy continues to care for the old man upon his return each night. He helps the old man tote his gear to his ramshackle hut, secures food for him, and discusses the latest developments in American baseball, especially the trials of the old man’s hero, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago is confident that his unproductive streak will soon come to an end, and he resolves to sail out farther than usual the following day.

        On the eighty-fifth day of his unlucky streak, Santiago does as promised, sailing his skiff far beyond the island’s shallow coastal waters and venturing into the Gulf Stream. He prepares his lines and drops them. At noon, a big fish, which he knows is a marlin, takes the bait that Santiago has placed one hundred fathoms deep in the waters. The old man expertly hooks the fish, but he cannot pull it in. Instead, the fish begins to pull the boat. The next morning, a crowd of amazed fishermen gathers around the skeletal carcass of the fish, which is still lashed to the boat. Knowing nothing of the old man’s struggle, tourists at a nearby café observe the remains of the giant marlin and mistake it for a shark. Manolin, who has been worried sick over the old man’s absence, is moved to tears when he finds Santiago safe in his bed. The boy fetches the old man some coffee and the daily papers with the baseball scores, and watches him sleep. When the old man wakes, the two agree to fish as partners once more. The old man returns to sleep and dreams his usual dream of lions at play on the beaches of Africa.

Santiago as a Fighter man in The old man and the sea👴

Here, we are looking to our main hero of the Novel. He is doing a Struggle a lot in the sea. He wants to kill the big fish but he is now a old man , so he has no more strength to kill the marlin fish, but he can do that work to kill the fish. But when he was killing to fish at that time he did the more struggle for kill the fish. so we can say that Santiago is a fighter man.

Although, both the marlin and the old man are part of the natural order of life, locked in the struggle between predator and prey, perseverance distinguishes the two. To triumph in his struggle against the marlin, the old man must dig deep within himself to overcome not only the marlin's strength but his own limitations: age, exhaustion, pain, hunger, and thirst. The battle between the two is not merely the attempt of a fisherman trying to reel in his catch and go home. This particular marlin brings out the best in Santiago by pushing him to his limits. The battle becomes a symbol of the constant struggle of an individual for survival within nature, a struggle won only by one's willingness to go beyond what seems humanly possible.

Santiago took Inspiration from the Joe Dimaggio. when any man can achieve success so First he has taken some inspiration from the other. Joe DiMaggio, the legendary New York Yankees outfielder whose 56-game hitting streak that ended in 1941 still remains the world record, symbolizes perseverance and persistence as well as skill. In Santiago's eyes, the hitting streak alone makes DiMaggio formidable, yet DiMaggio achieved this feat despite painful injuries such as the bone spurs repeatedly mentioned in the novella. Much like DiMaggio, Santiago defies the odds and catches the greatest fish of his career after a long dry spell, survives for days out on the ocean without proper supplies, and emerges the victor against aggressive sharks. His skill and perseverance while facing seemingly insurmountable obstacles make him a hero worthy of respect even though he does not succeed in bringing home his catch.

The strength of fighter man is a Manolin. who always give Inspiration to Santiago that the once upon time we will catch big fish so after 84 days passes and Santiago comes with the skeleton. so the people of Cuba have never see this type of fish in his world. Manolin, the young boy who loves, admires, and cares for the old man, symbolizes hope and the future. He is Santiago's only friend and companion; his help, literally, sustains the old man. Manolin is there every night helping pack up Santiago's gear and providing food to make sure the old man won't starve. Furthermore, he is the old man's apprentice. Although at the beginning of the story he fishes on another boat, Manolin has learned everything he knows from Santiago. Promising to fix the battered skiff and to return to fishing with the old man, Manolin offers the help the old man needs to keep going. Manolin believes in the old man and therefore will carry on his legacy and bear witness to his achievement.

**A Man Can Be Destroyed But Not Defeated**💪

 The idea that man can be destroyed but not defeated from The Old Man and the Sea could be explained or paraphrased as:

• A man can be killed, but as long as he doesn't quit he can't really be defeated.

Santiago goes fishing day after day even though he is on a "losing streak," as we might say today.  He hasn't caught a fish for a very long time.  He survives only because the boy brings him bits of food.  But he doesn't quit.  He continues to fish everyday and continues to try.  His "spirit" is not broken. M0ore specifically, Santiago hooks the marlin and does terrible battle with it.  He is an old man but he uses his strength and wits to defeat the fish, at the cost of great physical suffering.  Again, he doesn't quit.  Even after he defeats the marlin and then must fight the sharks, he continues the battle.  His spirit remains strong.  He doesn't get the fish home in the kind of shape he needed to earn money for it--he fails, technically.  But a man who keeps fighting is not a failure. This is Hemingway's modern view on the warrior.  Hemingway is too modern and worldly and intelligent to pull the old cliche of the warrior giving it all he can and being unrealistically victorious.  The "good" or "right" or "just" doesn't always win.  The knight in shining armor doesn't always carry the day.  But Santiago can fight, nevertheless.  This makes him noble, like the marlin.  And it makes him undefeated. 

                    Conclusion    👇                                        we have seen the The old fisher man is doing more struggle in the sea for catch any fish. But the Cuba's people were thinking  that he is unlucky man. he will never catch any fish in his time, but old man is confident that the he will catch fish and after he got success in his deserve. He got Victory in Cuba village.

Reference

"Book Summary". Cliffsnotes.Com, 2021, https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/o/the-old-man-and-the-sea/book-summary.

2021, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/man-can-be-destroyed-but-not-defeated-how-is-this-245059. Accessed 14 Feb 2021.

"The Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway Plot Summary | Litcharts". Litcharts, 2021, https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-old-man-and-the-sea/summary.

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