Today, I’m going to make a blog on Derrida & Deconstruction, a theory by Jaques Derrida. So There were so many classes, which were taken by Dr.Dilip Barad.Also, There is Important discussion by Dr. Sachin Ketkar and Dr. Dilip Barad.Here i would like to put Link of that discussion Click Here
Before starting our Discussion, let me give a basic Introduction of the Writer..
Jacques Derrida, born in Algeria, was a French philosopher best known for developing a form of semiotic analysis known as deconstruction, which he analyzed in numerous texts, and developed in the context of phenomenology. He is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy.For Further Click here
What is the theory of Deconstruction by Derrida?
Derrida states that deconstruction is not an analysis in the traditional sense. ... Derrida argues that there are no self-sufficient units of meaning in a text, because individual words or sentences in a text can only be properly understood in terms of how they fit into the larger structure of the text and language itself.
Derrida & Deconstruction
What is the main point of Derrida's theory of deconstruction?
Jacques Derrida, Positions (The Athlone Press, 1981) 41 It emphasizes the dominance of one particular way of thinking over others, and belies the idea of fixed meaning, overturning, and therefore exposing, the existence of the binary and destabilizing previously fixed categories of understanding.
The Meaning of Derrida’s Deconstruction..
Deconstruction is defined as a way of analyzing literature that assumes that text cannot have a fixed meaning.
An example of deconstruction is reading a novel twice, 20 years apart, and seeing how it has a different meaning each time.
A philosophical movement and theory of literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions about certainty, identity, and truth; asserts that words can only refer to other words; and attempts to demonstrate how statements about any text subvert their own meanings.
The destroying or taking apart of an object; disassembly.
A philosophical theory of textual criticism; a form of critical analysis
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DECONSTRUCTION :
Deconstruction emphasizes the internal working of a language and conceptual system.
.How do you use the language and what expression comes when you use that language that is actually deconstructionism.
It is a method of inquiry that all writings are full of confusion and contradiction by his deliberate efforts of conveying meaning .
.There is nothing outside or beyond the text
.The notion of Difference
Every text deconstructs itself
Structure
Sign
Play
There are several questions asking By Dilip sir.
What do you understand about 'Deconstruction'?
Deconstruction is an approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning. ... Deconstruction argues that language, especially in ideal concepts such as truth and justice, is irreducibly complex, unstable, or impossible to determine.
If we can think about Deconstruction it means a new way of thinking. We can not particular emphasis on any words because we can get so many meanings from reading any text as a way of Deconstructive reading. So the meaning of Deconstructive reading is that of finding something new which is very Different to define.
Problematic language
Example: Duster as car or classroom’s Duster
Example: play as game or As a drama
Example: teacher as woman or as a sir
Example: bat as cricket or as a Insect
Read an ad or TV serial or Film or literary text as post-structuralist critic. Be brief, precise and to the point. For example watch this video lesson on 'Deconstructive Reading of the Sonnet' Click Here
The purpose - T.P. Kailasam
Thanjavur Paramasiva Iyer Kailasam, was a playwright and prominent writer of Kannada literature. His contribution to Kannada theatrical comedy earned him the title Prahasana Prapitamaha, ". "the father of humorous plays" and later he was also called "Kannadakke Obbane Kailasam" meaning "One and Only Kailasam for Kannada".Click Wikipedia Source
Purpose by T. P. Kailasam , is a short play dramatizing events that occurred in the Mahabharata involving Drona, Arjuna and Eklavya. Drona is a skilled teacher, renowned throughout the land for his wisdom and skill. Arjuna is a Prince of a great kingdom. Eklavya is a tribal boy from a relatively faraway area.
DECONSTRUCTION IN T.P. KAILASAM 'S PLAY "THE PURPOSE"
In Deconstructive reading between the lines is important and what is not there is important for Deconstruction. Deconstruction in language ,another meaning is hidden. That's why Deconstruction breaks the old meaning and finds a hidden meaning in language . And gives new meaning. In Deconstruction reading against text is very important. That's why new meaning emerges from the language.That's why reading against text is very important.Sometimes in language more metaphors are used.
Now, we can see the Play Purpose & The super 30 as a Deconstruction reading
This is the Method of teaching we are still using right now because here are some frames, which gives priority to read any text & Movie as Deconstructive Reading..
Arjuna is a Kshatriya
Eklavya is a Nishadha boy
Powerful upper caste
A weak person from lower caste
arrogant and prodigal prince
a savior of Animals of Jungle
Here we can see the purpose of both the students learning archery. Arjuna’s purpose is to become the greatest archer of the world, while Eklavya’s purpose is to save animals of the jungle.so The problem is Guru Dronacharya division to see as Arjuna has great Archery to no one can Beat to him that’s the prediction given By Dronacharya.
So, In the super 30 film the purpose of the teacher is to give better education to his students to clear the Exam and take admission in the famous I.I.T, but The major problem is Money to get a good education. So, The Character of Hrithik Roshan as Anand kumar is quite an Appreciation Able character. As a deconstructive reading of The super 30 is a paradox of the Drauna’s Education System.
Let us see through the frames …..
Another meaning or deconstructive reading So, These are the frame through we can get the meaning of that the education of Gurudrauna was not good at all, while, the Anannd kumar is teaching to students who are coming from the upper class means who has power of money but after he change his perspective to teach lower class child. In contemporary times people allow students to go to private schools like Gyanmanajari , Vidhyadhish, sardar patel etc, rather than selected government schools like Gharshala, Jamod, including our English department etc. So My point is to see who is the teacher in that school to teach the student rather than seeing the familiarity.If we can talk about the majority of the people or mind set of the parents to select private school for study rather than selecting a teacher. In a private school teacher might be like a Guru drauna which we might not know. So as a Deconstruction reading is to select the teacher not a school.
As you all know that I am a student of department of English under professor Dilip barad. So This is what we are doing in Department, so The major object of study into department to Encourage student to write something into blog with Express his own idea to share with people Because blogger is one king of platform to find own thought Process.
i) Summaries both articles
Let us Quickly come to The two Articles that we have studied under Dilip sir.
Article 1 : Conclusion: Globalisation and The future of post colonial studies
Introduction
Before, we move on to the Article Let me give basic information about what Globalisation is.
Economics
Political science
Privatisation
Free choice
Post colonial critics read the American’s Mind.
One of The books by Michel Hardt is about the ‘Empire’ of the U.S.A.
Michael Hardt
Michael Hardt is an American political philosopher and literary theorist. Hardt is best known for his book Empire, which was co-written with Antonio Negri. It has been praised by Slavoj Žižek as the "Communist Manifesto of the 21st Century".
Empire is a book by post-Marxist philosophers Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. Written in the mid-1990s, it was published in 2000 and quickly sold beyond its expectations as an academic work.Further Information in the Link
As we know that Our suspense is Problematic. Privatisation is faulty. There is no money. Private corporations are empty. MNCS means Multinational company Also, The point is Related with Al-Qaeda.
What does Al- Qaeda mean?
Al-Qaeda is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization, which is widely regarded as terrorist. It was founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers during the Soviet–Afghan War. Al-Qaeda operates as a network of Islamic extremists and Salafist jihadists.Click Here.
Simon Gikandi
Simon E. Gikandi is a Kenyan Literature Professor and Postcolonial scholar. He is the Robert Schirmer Professor of English at Princeton University. He is perhaps best known for his co-editorship of The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature.Click Here for further Information about Simon Gikandi.
Simon Gikandi gives positive and Negative aspects of Globalisation.
If we see one aspect of the American Empire so They want to do as a major Judge of the world, that's why America has a problem with china. The people of China doesn't want to accept the things of china. That's the reason both are fighting for Eachother. Both of the country's major figures are using Rhetorical language to attract people.
Samuel Hungitons
Samuel Phillips Huntington was an American political scientist, adviser and academic. He spent more than half a century at Harvard University, where he was director of Harvard's Center for International Affairs and the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor Wikipedia Source click
Samuel Huntigton’s ‘Clash of Civilization’
Islamophobia is the fear of hatred of or prejudice against the Religion of Islam or muslim in Genral, Especially when seen as a Geopolitical force or a source of terriorism.
Jews and Moors they were banished from the catolic spain in 1492 that makes tension on Christian identity.
Our Important point for Muslim they were not like Terrorist but as well as they were working as Dilligent Youth.
However, Three things are more significant for Understanding.
Privatisation
Globalisation
Liberalisation
P.sainath ~
Palagummi Sainath is an Indian journalist and author of the book Everybody Loves a Good Drought. He has been actively campaigning, throughout his career, over the issues leading up to the farmers' agitations. He backed the Samyukta Ekta Morcha that leads the farmers' agitations in India.
‘Market Fundamentalism’
It is related to religion. Also, the idea of fundamentalism is to cut the national religion. Although, Market has Difficult identity. Let us see one Article for that Click Here
‘And Then there was the market’ By p.sainath.
The last years of the ’90s saw food ‘surpluses’ piling up in South Asia. It wasn’t just India with 44 million tons. Even Pakistan and Bangladesh had their moments. At one point these countries together accounted for a grain surplus of well over 50 million tons.
Remarkable since these three nations account for half the world’s hunger.
More remarkable since the paradox draws very little debate.
Even a call for discussing this amounts to demanding ‘obsolete’ practices of the interventionist state. If we hadn’t mucked around trying to get the state to play God for 50 years, none of this would have happened. If only we had got it right and let the market play God instead.
Well, we sort of did that for the last ten years. But facts count for little in the Age of Incantation.
Welcome to the world of Market Fundamentalism. To the Final Solution.click Here seminar
Niall Campbell Ferguson is a Scottish-American historian and the Milbank Family Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.click Wikipedia
He says that
Globalisatio is very harmful.
The Education of Children is bad.
Defending Civilisation.
Edward said
Edward Wadie Said was a professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies. A Palestinian American born in Mandatory Palestine, he was a citizen of the United States by way of his father, a U.S. Army veteran. Source of wikipedia click Here
Conclusion: The Future of Post colonial studies
Narrative on sardar sarovar Dam, Narmada River
Displacement
There are two major things that some are coming for Rural area and some are coming from the Urban so as perspective of the urban person to make develop their village but the when the some urban are cutting trees to make their own Benefit at that time there are so many Rural person live always against towards development. But the Problem is to see that while some are giving promises to people that they are controlling natural things like Narmada. So My point is that it’s all about Rhetorical language. When the Election comes at that moment they are just giving some water to village people that’s why they are always against saving the Narmada. As we know, There are Gujarat,Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Who were those people against the rule of the Government?
The film is based on Gujarati author Dhruv Bhatt's 1998 Gujarati novel Tatvamasi. ... The directors found the number of characters and the philosophy of the novel …
As we have already seen the film Reva and might have gone through the Novel Tatvamasi. Which is based on the Narmada as the center of the film, but we can think that it is not quite true because in that movie there has been used things like spices. So The Movie is about the spice of The Narmada. If we will have an opportunity to critique this, we can throw more light on it. How people are facing the problem, while The government is working like imperialism because whenever people will have water so Government can’t provide water to Rural people for farming. So This kind of Globalisation is harmful for us as countries people.
Ground Reality| Media's Perspective
Some can make shade for you if the shade is too small. So how can people live in the shade?
P. Sainath said= Cuts across Religion also, it is a construction company, do that, companies keep on telling, they are selling this kind of mobility, laptop etc. whoever Government people, you have to remain part of Corporate.
What is The Future of Post Colonial studies?
As we know that Now Afghanistan & Taliban, China,Russia,Pakistan and America and India.
But The point is about Taliban people, how they blindly follow the religion, how women have problems taking Education as well as always wearing the Black color costume. The major things that The mike on the Temple. The Rules of Tallak.
Scrap Police vs Eco friendly
Being Eco Friendly. It is about
Privatisation
Policy
Favor to Company
Red Indians Colonized
By European in America
During the colonial period, Native Americans had a complicated relationship with European settlers. They resisted the efforts of the Europeans to gain more of their land and control through both warfare and diplomacy. But problems arose for the Native Americans, which held them back from their goal, including new diseases, the slave trade, and the ever-growing European population in North America.Click Here to More Reading
Globalisation
Development of Artificiality
How was Human being Born on The Earth
Ecology As a Hero
Medieval time of God
Eco feminism
Sherry b.ortner
Sherry Beth Ortner is an American cultural anthropologist and has been a Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at UCLA since 2004.Click here
Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture?
Much of the creativity of anthropology derives from the tension between two sets of demands: that we explain human universals, and that we explain cultural particulars. By this canon, woman provides us with one of the more challenging problems to be dealt with. The secondary status of women in society is one of the true universals, a pan-cultural fact. Yet within that universal fact, the specific cultural conceptions and symbolizations of women are extraordinarily diverse and even mutually contradictory. Further, the actual treatment of women and their relative power and contribution vary enormously from culture to culture, and over different periods in the history of particular cultural traditions. Both of these points – the universal fact and the cultural variation constitute problems to be explained.Click Here to read Article
ii) Include important quotes from both articles in your summary
Market fundamentalism destroys more human lives than any other simply because it cuts across all national, cultural, geographic, reli- gious and other boundaries. It's as much at home in Moscow as in Mumbai or Minnesota. A South Africa - whose advances in the early 1990s thrilled the world - moved swiftly from apartheid to neo-liberal- ism. It sits as easily in Hindu, Islamic or Christian societies. And it contributes angry, despairing recruits to the armies of all religious fundamentalisms. Based on the premise that the market is the solu- tion to all the problems of the human race, it is, too, a very religious fundamentalism. It has its own Gospel:
In contrast to imperialism, the Empire establisheş no territorial center of power and does not rely on fixed boundaries or barriers. It is a decentered and deterritorializing apparatus of rule that progressively incorporates the entire global realm within its open, expanding frontier Empire manages hybrid identities, flexible hierarchies, and plural exchanges through modulating networks of command. The distinct national colors of the imperial map of the world have merged and blended in the imperial global rainbow
. (Hardt and Negri 2000: xiii-xii)
The Gospel of St. Growth, of St. Choice... (2001: n.p.)
"Globalization is.just another name for submission and domination', Nicanor Apaza, 46, an unemployed miner, said at a demonstration this week in which Indian women ... carried banners denouncing the International Monetary Fund and demanding the president's resigna- tion.'We've had to live with that here for 500 years, and now we want to be our own masters.'
Climate change, refracted through global capital, will no doubt accentuate the logic of inequality that runs through the rule of capital; some people will no doubt gain temporarily at the expense of others. But the whole crisis cannot be reduced to a story of capitalism. Unlike in the crises of capitalism, there are no lifeboats here for the rich and the privileged (witness the drought in Australia or recent fires in the wealthy neighborhoods of California).
(Chakrabarty 2009: 221)
All the features of primitive accumulation that Marx mentions have remained powerfully present with capitalism’s historical geography until now. Displacement of peasant populations and the formation of a landless proletariat has accelerated in countries such as Mexico and India in the last three decades, many formerly common property resources, such as water, have been privatised (often at World Bank insistence) … alternative (indigenous and even, in the case of the United States, petty commodity) forms of production and consumption have been suppressed. Nationalised industries have been privatised. Family farming has been taken over by agribusiness. And slavery has not disappeared (particularly in the sex trade).
The great range of actual measures carried on under the label of glob- alization .. were not those of integration and development. Rather they were the processes of imposition, disintegration, underdevelop- ement and appropriation. They were of continued extraction of debt servicing payments of the third world; depression of the prices of raw materials exported by the same countries; removal of tariff protection for their vulnerable productive sectors; removal of restraints on for- eign direct investment, allowing giant foreign corporations to grab larger sectors of the third world's economies; removal of restraints on the entry and exit of massive flows of speculative international capital, allowing their movements to dictate economic life; reduction of State spending on productive activity, development and welfare; privatiza- tion of activities, assets and natural resources, sharp increases in the cost of essential services and goods such as electricity, fuel, health care, education, transport, and food (accompanied by the harsher depression of women's consumption within each family's declining consumption); withdrawal of subsidized credit earlier directed to starved sectors; dismantling of workers' security of employment; reduction of the share of wages in the social product; suppression of domestic industry in the third world and closures of manufacturing firms on a massive scale; ruination of independent small industries; ruination of the handicrafts/handloom sector; replacement of subsis- tence crops with cash crops; destruction of food security.
(Research Unit for Political Economy, 2003: n.p.)
iii) Illustrate your understanding of these concepts by giving examples its portrayal in literature, films, ads, documentaries and real life events
In our Discussion, we saw so many examples related to our concern about the topic of Globalisation.
As a Example : The Reluctant Fundamentalism ( Film Screening)
The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a 2012 political thriller drama film directed by Mira Nair. It is based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Mohsin Hamid.Click here Further
Example: The Attacks of 26\11
Ten terrorists travel to India and launch several attacks at various places in South Mumbai. Subsequently, the Mumbai Police arrests Ajmal Kasab, one of the terrorists.Video Regarding the Terrorist attack
Example: Sherni (film)
Nature and man fight against a forest officer as she and her team of locals and trackers attempt to capture a disturbed tigress.Video Trailer
Chakravyuh is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language political action thriller film directed by Prakash Jha starring Arjun Rampal in the lead role with Abhay Deol, ...click for video
Also, There are several examples like a sonali cable, Rang De basanti, Ghayal Once again and madari.
*Examples:
‘Empire’ By Michael hardt & Antonio Negri.
‘Modernity of Language: Dimensions of Globalization’ by Arjun Appadurai
‘Globalization and the Claims of Post colonization’ by Simon Gikandi
‘Racism’ & ‘Nationalism’ by Etinne Balibar
'Clash of civilizations’ by Samuel Huntigton
‘And Then There was Market’ by P. sainath
*Conclusion*
So, Now we know that The development of a country is all about privatization. Who are just using people as Toy. Also, The Government is a puppet of private companies Like Reliance , Essar, peppsi, Coca cola etc.
Everything is dependent on the Government. so, the Government is dependent on Companies. Like a
MNC: Multi National company
IMF: The International Monetary Fund
RIL: Reliance Industries Limited
But, the Government is dependent on Money.so the Point present that everything is ⏭Money⏮ centric.
