Name: Panchasara Jignesh k.
Roll no: 8
Enrollment No: 3069206420200013
Paper No: 204 contemporary western Theories and Film studies
Batch: 2020-2022
Email: jigneshpanchasara5758@gmail.com
Submitted To: S.B. Gardi Department of English MKBU
Introduction
Jacques Derrida, was born on July 15, 1930 into a Sephardic Jewish family living in El Biar, in French Algeria. At the age of 10 he was expelled from school after being told by a teacher that “French culture is not made for little Jews”. He then attended a Jewish lycee. At the age of 19 Derrida moved to Paris to study at the Ecole Normale Superieure under the great Hegelian scholar Jean Hyppolite. He met Sartre, but in the long run it was his early encounters not with Sartre but with Nietzsche and Heidegger which had the greatest impact upon him. During the late 1950s he worked on a doctoral thesis on Husserl, but this project was never completed and in the meantime he was beginning to explore the ambiguous nature of all, even philosophical, writing. Derrida received a degree in philosophy from Ecole Normale Superieure, an elite university in Paris. He later taught in France at the Sorbonne University and the Ecole des Hautes Etude en Sciences Sociales. He also taught in the United States: at Yale, Johns Hopkins and the University of California at Irvine.
Derrida was a prolific writer, with more than 40 books to his credit. His writings include Of Grammatology, Writing and Difference, Speech and Phenomena, Margins of Philosophy, Disseminationand Positions. A number of important tendencies underlie Derrida’s approach to philosophy, and more specifically to the western tradition of thought. Through the approach called ‘Deconstruction’ Derrida has begun a fundamental investigation into the nature of the western metaphysical tradition.
What is Deconstruction ?
Deconstruction is a method of critical analysis of philosophical and literary language. Deconstruction is a strategy of critical questioning directed towards exposing :
1. Unquestionable metaphysical assumptions
2. Internal contradictions in philosophical
3. Literary language
Definition of deconstruction
Deconstruction is an approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning...... Deconstruction also inspired deconstructivism in architecture and remains important within art , music ,and literary criticism .
"Deconstruction seems to center around the idea that language and meaning are often inadequate in trying to convey the message or idea a communicator is trying to express. Since the confusion stems from the language and not the object then one should break down or deconstruct the language to see if we can better understand where the confusion stems".
Derrida
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Deconstructive reading of the Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare
The very famous concept of "Deconstruction " was given by Jacques Derrida and said that the language bears within itself the necessity of its own meaning. The Derridian idea about Deconstruction revolves around Free Play /Undecidability of meanings. Very famously it revolves around Binaries, opposition, Hegemony and Subjectivity. We will see these all things in the Sonnet by William Shakespeare, " Shall I Compare thee to a Summer's day?" How do these all things operate? The main problem becomes when it comes to applying this idea in the work of literature. It's become equally difficult. Many times people fail to read literature Deconstructively. In the very first stanza of the poem there is Beloved because the poem is addressed to the beloved. Now let us see how the binaries create.
When we try to generalize Beloved, what we find is that Beloved represents Human beings and Summer's day representsNature. When we try to see the concept of The language bears within itself the necessity of its own meaning, what we see in the very first line of the poem we can find that the poem is decentering nature. Most people find that it is a nature poem but in reality it is not a nature poem. Nature is the underprivileged side of the poem. At that time human beings are at the centre and Nature becomes at the periphery that is one part of the reading poem. When we read further this poem what we find is thatLines/writing/Poem or Sonnet are at the centre. We can say that the poem celebrates self when beloved achieve immortality or beauty. But still there is the possibility of making a critique of this poem. When the Lines/writing/poem becomes at the centre at the same time Beloved ( human being) and Summer's day ( Nature) comes at the periphery. They both are at the same side now. If we are trying to see further in the poem what we find out is that when "I"(lover, poet) comes at the centre at that time lines/writing/poems all become at the periphery. In short the poem dramatizes the Power Struggle.
Courses.nus.edu.sg. 2021. Derrida and Deconstruction. [online] Available at: <https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elljwp/deconstruction.htm>
Critical Legal Thinking. 2021. Jacques Derrida: Deconstruction. [online] Available at: <https://criticallegalthinking.com/2016/05/27/jacques-derrida-deconstruction/>
2021. [online] Available at: <https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=derrida+and+deconstruction&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart>
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