Wednesday, August 25, 2021

Thinking Activity on Future of Postcolonial Studies:Globalisation and Environmentalism


Hello Readers…👋.

As you all know that I am a student of department of English under professor Dilip barad. So This is what we are doing in Department, so The major object of study into department to Encourage student to write something into blog with Express his own idea to share with people Because blogger is one king of platform to find own thought Process.



i) Summaries both articles

Let us Quickly come to The two Articles that we have studied under Dilip sir.

Article 1 : Conclusion: Globalisation and The future of post colonial studies

 


                         Introduction 

Before, we move on to the Article Let me give basic information about what Globalisation is.



  • Economics

  • Political science

  • Privatisation

  • Free choice

Post colonial critics read the American’s Mind.

One of The books by Michel Hardt is about the  ‘Empire’ of the U.S.A.

                   Michael Hardt

Michael Hardt is an American political philosopher and literary theorist. Hardt is best known for his book Empire, which was co-written with Antonio Negri. It has been praised by Slavoj Žižek as the "Communist Manifesto of the 21st Century".

Empire is a book by post-Marxist philosophers Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. Written in the mid-1990s, it was published in 2000 and quickly sold beyond its expectations as an academic work.Further Information in the Link

As we know that Our suspense is Problematic. Privatisation is faulty. There is no money. Private corporations are empty. MNCS means Multinational company Also, The point is Related with Al-Qaeda. 

What does Al- Qaeda mean?

Al-Qaeda is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization, which is widely regarded as terrorist. It was founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers during the Soviet–Afghan War. Al-Qaeda operates as a network of Islamic extremists and Salafist jihadists.Click Here. 



Simon Gikandi 

Simon E. Gikandi is a Kenyan Literature Professor and Postcolonial scholar. He is the Robert Schirmer Professor of English at Princeton University. He is perhaps best known for his co-editorship of The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature.Click Here for further Information about Simon Gikandi.


Simon Gikandi gives positive and Negative aspects of Globalisation.

 If we see one aspect of the American Empire so They want to do as a major Judge of the world, that's why America has a problem with china. The people of China doesn't want to accept the things of china. That's the reason both are fighting for Eachother. Both of the country's major figures are using Rhetorical language to attract people.


Samuel Hungitons

Samuel Phillips Huntington was an American political scientist, adviser and academic. He spent more than half a century at Harvard University, where he was director of Harvard's Center for International Affairs and the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor Wikipedia Source click





Samuel Huntigtons ‘Clash of Civilization’

  • Islamophobia is the fear of hatred of or prejudice against the Religion of Islam or muslim in Genral, Especially when seen as a Geopolitical force or a source of terriorism.

  •  Jews and Moors they were banished from the catolic spain in 1492 that makes tension on Christian identity.

  • Our Important point for Muslim they were not like Terrorist but as well as they were working as Dilligent Youth.


However, Three things are more significant for Understanding.


  • Privatisation

  • Globalisation


  • Liberalisation





P.sainath ~ 

Palagummi Sainath is an Indian journalist and author of the book Everybody Loves a Good Drought. He has been actively campaigning, throughout his career, over the issues leading up to the farmers' agitations. He backed the Samyukta Ekta Morcha that leads the farmers' agitations in India.

 

  • Market Fundamentalism’

It is related to religion. Also, the idea of fundamentalism is to cut the national religion. Although, Market has Difficult identity. Let us see one Article for that Click Here 


  • ‘And Then there was the market’ By p.sainath.


The last years of the ’90s saw food ‘surpluses’ piling up in South Asia. It wasn’t just India with 44 million tons. Even Pakistan and Bangladesh had their moments. At one point these countries together accounted for a grain surplus of well over 50 million tons.

Remarkable since these three nations account for half the world’s hunger.

More remarkable since the paradox draws very little debate.

Even a call for discussing this amounts to demanding ‘obsolete’ practices of the interventionist state. If we hadn’t mucked around trying to get the state to play God for 50 years, none of this would have happened. If only we had got it right and let the market play God instead.

Well, we sort of did that for the last ten years. But facts count for little in the Age of Incantation.

Welcome to the world of Market Fundamentalism. To the Final Solution.click Here seminar



Niall Campbell Ferguson is a Scottish-American historian and the Milbank Family Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.click Wikipedia

He says that 

  • Globalisatio is very harmful.

  • The Education of Children is bad.

  • Defending Civilisation.



Edward said 

Edward Wadie Said was a professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies. A Palestinian American born in Mandatory Palestine, he was a citizen of the United States by way of his father, a U.S. Army veteran. Source of wikipedia click Here


Conclusion: The Future of Post colonial studies

Narrative on sardar sarovar Dam, Narmada River

Displacement 

There are two major things that some are coming for Rural area and some are coming from the Urban so as perspective of the urban person to make develop their village but the when the some urban are cutting trees to make their own Benefit at that time there are so many Rural person live always against towards development. But the Problem is to see that while some are giving promises to people that they are controlling natural things like Narmada. So My point is that it’s all about Rhetorical language. When the Election comes at that moment they are just giving some water to village people that’s why they are always against saving the Narmada. As we know, There are Gujarat,Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Who were those people against the rule of the Government?


The story Of Reva

The film is based on Gujarati author Dhruv Bhatt.

Dhruv Bhatt is a Gujarati language novelist and poet from Gujarat, India.For Further Information click here.

The film is based on Gujarati author Dhruv Bhatt's 1998 Gujarati novel Tatvamasi. ... The directors found the number of characters and the philosophy of the novel …

As we have already seen the film Reva and might have gone through the Novel Tatvamasi. Which is based on the Narmada as the center of the film, but we can think that it is not quite true because in that movie there has been used things like spices. So The Movie is about the spice of The Narmada. If we will have an opportunity to critique this, we can throw more light on it. How people are facing the problem, while The government is working like imperialism because whenever people will have water so Government can’t provide water to Rural people for farming. So This kind of Globalisation is harmful for us as countries people.


Ground Reality| Media's Perspective

Some can make shade for you if the shade is too small. So how can people live in the shade?


P. Sainath said = Cuts across Religion also, it is a construction company, do that, companies keep on telling, they are selling this kind of mobility, laptop etc. whoever Government people, you have to remain part of Corporate.



What is The Future of Post Colonial studies?

As we know  that Now Afghanistan & Taliban, China,Russia,Pakistan and America and India.

But The point is about Taliban people, how they blindly follow the religion, how women have problems taking Education as well as always wearing the Black color costume. The major things that The mike on the Temple. The Rules of Tallak.


  • Scrap Police vs Eco friendly

     Being Eco Friendly. It is about

  •   Privatisation

  •   Policy

  •  Favor to Company



  • Red Indians Colonized 

                         By European in America


During the colonial period, Native Americans had a complicated relationship with European settlers. They resisted the efforts of the Europeans to gain more of their land and control through both warfare and diplomacy. But problems arose for the Native Americans, which held them back from their goal, including new diseases, the slave trade, and the ever-growing European population in North America.Click Here to More Reading


  • Globalisation 

  • Development of Artificiality

How was Human being Born on The Earth




  • Ecology As a Hero

  • Medieval time of God

  • Eco feminism


Sherry b.ortner 

    Sherry Beth Ortner is an    American cultural anthropologist and has been a Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at UCLA since 2004.Click here 

 


Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture? 

Much of the creativity of anthropology derives from the tension between two sets of demands: that we explain human universals, and that we explain cultural particulars. By this canon, woman provides us with one of the more challenging problems to be dealt with. The secondary status of women in society is one of the true universals, a pan-cultural fact. Yet within that universal fact, the specific cultural conceptions and symbolizations of women are extraordinarily diverse and even mutually contradictory. Further, the actual treatment of women and their relative power and contribution vary enormously from culture to culture, and over different periods in the history of particular cultural traditions. Both of these points – the universal fact and the cultural variation constitute problems to be explained.Click Here to read Article


ii) Include important quotes from both articles in your summary

  • Market fundamentalism destroys more human lives than any other simply because it cuts across all national, cultural, geographic, reli- gious and other boundaries. It's as much at home in Moscow as in Mumbai or Minnesota. A South Africa - whose advances in the early 1990s thrilled the world - moved swiftly from apartheid to neo-liberal- ism. It sits as easily in Hindu, Islamic or Christian societies. And it contributes angry, despairing recruits to the armies of all religious fundamentalisms. Based on the premise that the market is the solu- tion to all the problems of the human race, it is, too, a very religious fundamentalism. It has its own Gospel:

  • In contrast to imperialism, the Empire establisheş no territorial center of power and does not rely on fixed boundaries or barriers. It is a decentered and deterritorializing apparatus of rule that progressively incorporates the entire global realm within its open, expanding frontier Empire manages hybrid identities, flexible hierarchies, and plural exchanges through modulating networks of command. The distinct national colors of the imperial map of the world have merged and blended in the imperial global rainbow

                                           . (Hardt and Negri 2000: xiii-xii)

         The Gospel of St. Growth, of St. Choice... (2001: n.p.)

  • "Globalization is.just another name for submission and domination', Nicanor Apaza, 46, an unemployed miner, said at a demonstration this week in which Indian women ... carried banners denouncing the International Monetary Fund and demanding the president's resigna- tion.'We've had to live with that here for 500 years, and now we want to be our own masters.'

  • Climate change, refracted through global capital, will no doubt accentuate the logic of inequality that runs through the rule of capital; some people will no doubt gain temporarily at the expense of others. But the whole crisis cannot be reduced to a story of capitalism. Unlike in the crises of capitalism, there are no lifeboats here for the rich and the privileged (witness the drought in Australia or recent fires in the wealthy neighborhoods of California).

(Chakrabarty 2009: 221)

  • All the features of primitive accumulation that Marx mentions have remained powerfully present with capitalism’s historical geography until now. Displacement of peasant populations and the formation of a landless proletariat has accelerated in countries such as Mexico and India in the last three decades, many formerly common property resources, such as water, have been privatised (often at World Bank insistence) … alternative (indigenous and even, in the case of the United States, petty commodity) forms of production and consumption have been suppressed. Nationalised industries have been privatised. Family farming has been taken over by agribusiness. And slavery has not disappeared (particularly in the sex trade).

  • The great range of actual measures carried on under the label of glob- alization .. were not those of integration and development. Rather they were the processes of imposition, disintegration, underdevelop- ement and appropriation. They were of continued extraction of debt servicing payments of the third world; depression of the prices of raw materials exported by the same countries; removal of tariff protection for their vulnerable productive sectors; removal of restraints on for- eign direct investment, allowing giant foreign corporations to grab larger sectors of the third world's economies; removal of restraints on the entry and exit of massive flows of speculative international capital, allowing their movements to dictate economic life; reduction of State spending on productive activity, development and welfare; privatiza- tion of activities, assets and natural resources, sharp increases in the cost of essential services and goods such as electricity, fuel, health care, education, transport, and food (accompanied by the harsher depression of women's consumption within each family's declining consumption); withdrawal of subsidized credit earlier directed to starved sectors; dismantling of workers' security of employment; reduction of the share of wages in the social product; suppression of domestic industry in the third world and closures of manufacturing firms on a massive scale; ruination of independent small industries; ruination of the handicrafts/handloom sector; replacement of subsis- tence crops with cash crops; destruction of food security. 

  • (Research Unit for Political Economy, 2003: n.p.)




iii) Illustrate your understanding of these concepts by giving examples its portrayal in literature, films, ads, documentaries and real life events

In our Discussion, we saw so many examples related to our concern about the topic of Globalisation.


As a Example : The Reluctant Fundamentalism ( Film Screening)


 The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a 2012 political thriller drama film directed by Mira Nair. It is based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Mohsin Hamid.Click here Further 




Example: The Attacks of 26\11

Ten terrorists travel to India and launch several attacks at various places in South Mumbai. Subsequently, the Mumbai Police arrests Ajmal Kasab, one of the terrorists.Video Regarding the Terrorist attack


Example: Sherni (film)

Nature and man fight against a forest officer as she and her team of locals and trackers attempt to capture a disturbed tigress.Video Trailer






Chardham yatra Project

Char Dham National Highway, is an under construction two-lane (in each direction) express National Highway with a minimum width of 10 metres in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The under construction highway will complement the under-construction Char Dham Railway by connecting the four holy places in Uttarakhand states namely Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri.The project includes 900 km national highways which will connect whole of Uttarakhand stateVideo link


Example: Chakravyuh


Chakravyuh is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language political action thriller film directed by Prakash Jha starring Arjun Rampal in the lead role with Abhay Deol, ...click for video




Also, There are several examples like a sonali cable, Rang De basanti, Ghayal Once again and madari.

*Examples:


  • ‘Empire’ By Michael hardt & Antonio Negri.

  • Modernity of Language: Dimensions of Globalization’ by Arjun Appadurai

  • Globalization and the Claims of Post colonization’ by Simon Gikandi

  • Racism’ & ‘Nationalism’ by Etinne Balibar 

  • 'Clash of civilizations’ by Samuel Huntigton 

  • ‘And Then There was Market’ by P. sainath


*Conclusion*

So, Now we know that The development of a country is all about privatization. Who are just using people as Toy. Also, The Government is a puppet of private companies Like Reliance , Essar, peppsi, Coca cola etc.

 

Everything is dependent on the Government. so, the Government is dependent on Companies. Like a 


MNC: Multi National company


IMF: The International Monetary Fund 


RIL: Reliance Industries Limited



But, the Government is dependent on Money.so the Point present that everything is ⏭Money⏮ centric.


                                                                                                          Thanks😊



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