Submitted to - S.B Gardi Department of English, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji
Bhavnagar University.
Wordsworth & Coleridge
👊Introduction👊
The first half of the nineteenth century records the triumph of Romanticism in literature and democracy in government. The chief subject of Romantic literature was the essential nobleness of common men and the value of the individual. In the period there were so many writers and poets were presenting their individual point of views and viewing the world with their own perspective. It was an age of poetry and poets of the age were William Wordsworth, Samuel Tailor Coleridge, Robert Southey, Walter Scott, George Gordon Byron and many more poets has given their contribution in the poetry of the age. Here is the introduction of two major poets of Romantic Age.
Coleridge contributed his well-known poem, “Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” while Wordsworth ultimately composed the bulk of the collection. After the publication of Lyrical Ballads, the pair travelled throughout Europe. Afterwards, Coleridge lectured and travelled extensively, and, while battling an opium addiction, moved in with physician James Gillman in 1816. The following year Biographia Literaria, a fusion of autobiography, literary criticism, and religious and philosophical theory, was published ,While consistently praising Wordsworth’s creative work, Coleridge was unhappy that when the second edition of the book was published, Wordsworth added a preface containing a statement of poetics emphasizing the “language of ordinary life,” which Coleridge considered to be a significant departure from the collaborative impulse that shaped the work.
The Life of william wordsworth
Wordsworth was a major figure of the Romantic Poetry. He was considered as English Romantic Poet. He was also a Britain 's poet laureate. His poetry was a collection of all the Romantic characteristics and his treatment towards the Romantic elements. He stands as most important figure of Romantic Poet. There are many reasons that wordsworth considered as Romantic Poet. He was a pioneer of Romantic Movement. It was a reaction against a Classical Poetry. It was beginning in 19th century. It was begins with the publication of the "Lyrical Ballads ". There are many reasons for which proves Wordsworth as a Romantic Poet. Wordsworth was born in 1770 at Cockermouth, Cumberland, and spent his seventeen years in Cumberland Hills; his mother died when he was eight years old and after six years his father has also died, and the orphan has taken in charge by relatives, in school he used learn with flowers and hills rather than classes; in 1787 he went to Cambridge. It was the time of stress and storm with his revolutionary experience in university and in his life it was like a period of uncertainty. He started writing from 1797 to 1799 a very short period but very important in his life and for the romantic period, and from 1799 he has taken retirement from his work of writing and spent time in between the nature at northern lake region where he was born, he was very close to the nature which experience has reflected in all his poetry.
*Poetry of William Wordsworth*👈
Wordsworth has in favor of simple poetic diction but he himself has not followed his own rule, his poetries are easy to read but not to understand, reader could get the pleasure but not the hidden meaning. As in his poem “Lucy”: A violet by a mossy stone,
Half hidden from the eye;
Fair as a star, when only one
Is shining in the sky.
Wordsworth was strongly believed that man and nature should be portrayed as they are. He is not always melodious, but he is seldom graceful. He is absolutely without humour.
After his longer works his first good book as per critics was Selections with short poems, after reading these poems we come to know that Wordsworth is the greatest nature poet that ever has been produced by our literature. No other poet has found such beauty in nature as Wordsworth has described. He had a strong belief that all nature is the reflection of the living God, all his contemporary writers like Cowper, Burns, Keats, and Tennyson were providing the out ward aspects of nature in varying degrees but Wordsworth gives you her very life, and the experience of man with the nature. While reading his poetry the reader could feel the touch of nature, the experience of wonderland and memory of our own childhood. Wordsworth’s philosophy toward human life is very simple that man is not apart from nature, but is the very “life of her life.” Wordsworth has connected birth with nature and he expressed this gladness with poetry that the child comes straight from the Creator of nature:
Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting:
The soul that rises with us, our life’s star,
But trailing cloud of glory do we come
From God, who is our home”
In “Intimations of Immorality from recollections of Early Childhood” and in “The Retreat” he has summed up his childhood and philosophy; In “Tintern Abbey”, “The Rainbow”, “Ode to Duty” and “Intimation of Immorality” it is plain teaching; In “Michael,” “The Solitary Reaper,” “to a Highland Girl,” “Stepping Westward,” he tries to suggests the joy and sorrow not of princes or kings but of a common life. He has described his whole life in “The Prelude” and “The Recluse” is the treat to nature.
The Life of Coleridge👴
Coleridge was a famous literary critic, philosopher. He was a friend of William Wordsworth He was a main founder of the Romantic Movement in England. He was also a member of the Lake Poets. His famous poems are The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan and also he was famous for his prose work Biographia Literaria. He was considered as a best Romantic Poet as like Wordsworth. Here many characteristics which can be seen Coleridge as the Romantic poet.Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the youngest of thirteen children. He was an extra precocious child, who could read at the age of threes, and before he was five, he had read the Bible and the Arabian Nights. From three to six he has attended “dame” school and from six to nine he was attending his father’s school and in that period his father died. At ten he sent to London for school education. At nineteen Coleridge, who had read more books than old professor he entered Cambridge as a charity student. He left the university without taking the degree. After that he has joined Southey and they were working together for the regeneration of the human society. Then he studied in Germany; worked as a private secretary later he went to Rome for study and then he started The Friend a paper devoted to truth and liberty. In early life he suffered from neuralgia, and to ease the pain began to use opiates, the result was very bad he became a slave to the drug habit; after fifteen years of pain and struggle and despair, he gave up and put himself in the charge of physician and Carlyle who visited him at this time called him “a king of men” he later gave his contribution inLyrical Ballads in 1798. He died in 1834, and was buried in Highgate Church.
*Poetry of Coleridge👌
In the poetry of Coleridge we find note of sympathy, and humanity. He has three divisions of his works, the poetic, the critical and the philosophical. He had a strong influence of Blake’s poetry. Coleridge was very much attracted with the concept of supernatural, he was able to make familiar world unfamiliar, as he himself noted in his “Day Dreams” that,
“My eyes make pictures when they are shut”
It seems very similar to Blake’s songs of innocence, but the difference between both is very important that Blake is only a dreamer while Coleridge is dreamer as well as a profound scholar. Strong suggestions of Blake can be seen such poetries like “A Day Dreamer,” “The Devil’s Thoughts,” “The Suicide’s Argument,” and “The Wanderings of Cain.” His later poems there is his imagination with thought and study, as it could be noticed in “Kubla Khan,” “Christabel,” and “The Rime of The Ancient Mariner.” Coleridge’s more controversial and unfinished poem id Kubla Khan, the poem has a verbal dream pictures,
S.T.Coleridge's Definition of Poetry👍_
Poetry
is the activity of the imagination, idealizing the real and realizing the
ideal-what Wordsworth and Coleridge did in the lyrical ballads. A
poem naturally takes this general object of poetry but it has a form, too,
which distinguishes it from other kinds of compositions. Coleridge asks
what this form is, how it comes to be there, and what relation it bears to its
content. A poem he says uses the same medium as a prose composition, namely
words.
*👱Wordsworth & Coleridge*👱
Wordsworth and Coleridge are best friends and great poetic writers yet
so different in their beliefs and writings of poetry.In
the Preface to Lyrical Ballads, we are first introduced to Wordsworth and his
opinions of poetry. He goes on to say that,"The
principal object, then proposed in these Poems was to choose incidents and
situations from common life, and to relate or describe them, throughout, as far
as was possible in a selection of language really used by men.
In a chance meeting that would
change the course of poetic history, Samuel Taylor Coleridge made the
acquaintance of William Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy, in Somerset in
1795. The two became immediate friends. Upon meeting Wordsworth, Coleridge
decided to move to Grasmere to be in close proximity to his fellow poet. During
this time, Wordsworth and Coleridge greatly influenced, criticized and inspired Eachother’s poetry. In 1798, the two poets joined together to publish the first
edition of Lyrical
Ballads, a collection of poems that is considered by
many to be the definitive starting point of the Romantic Era. Over the course
of their collaboration, the second edition followed suit in 1800. Their mutual
friend Robert Southey, who was also a poet, worked with them and the trio
became known at the “Lake Poets.” In this page, we will more deeply explore the
relationship between these two Romantic poets and the people, like Southey, who
shaped their lives and their poetry while they lived in Grasmere. Not only did
Wordsworth and Coleridge have similar poetic interests, but the two developed a
deep and lasting friendship that was able to withstand the trials of their drug
addiction, bouts of depression and mutual artistic criticism.
Conclusion👇
Wordsworth & Coleridge Both are Romantic poets. They both had a very close friendship. william wordsworth was focused on The Nature. However, both were very famous for his Poetry in the Romantic age.
Reference
"Coleridge And Wordsworth | British Literature Wiki". Sites.Udel.Edu, 2021, https://sites.udel.edu/britlitwiki/coleridge-and-wordsworth.
2021, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/similarity-wordsworth-coleridge-271932. Accessed 14 Feb 2021.
"The Romantic Poets : Blake, Wordsworth And Coleridge". Myexamsolution.Com, 2021, https://www.myexamsolution.com/2020/03/the-romantic-poets-blake-wordsworth-and.html?m=1.
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