Process of Research

                      Introduction

How to Write a Research Proposal

Once you’re in college and really getting into academic writing, you may not recognize all the kinds of assignments you’re asked to complete. You know what an essay is, and you know how to respond to readings—but when you hear your professor mention a research proposal or a literature review, your mind might do a double-take. 

Don’t worry; we’ve got you. Boiled down to its core, a research proposal is simply a short piece of writing that details exactly what you’ll be covering in a larger research project. You’ll likely be required to write one for your thesis, and if you choose to continue in academia after earning your bachelor’s degree, you’ll be writing research proposals for your master’s thesis, your dissertation, and all other research you conduct. By then, you’ll be a research proposal pro. But for now, we’ll answer all your questions and help you confidently write your first one. 

What is the goal of a research proposal?

In a research proposal, the goal is to present the author’s plan for the research they intend to conduct. In some cases, part of this goal is to secure funding for said research. In others, it’s to have the research approved by the author’s supervisor or department so they can move forward with it. In some cases, a research proposal is a required part of a graduate school application. In every one of these circumstances, research proposals follow the same structure.

1. In a research proposal, the author demonstrates how and why their research is relevant to their field. They demonstrate that the work is necessary to the following:
2. Filling a gap in the existing body of research on their subject
3. Underscoring existing research on their subject, and/or
4. Adding new, original knowledge to the academic community’s existing understanding of their subject.

• Now I'm gonna tell you about the what is the process of my research proposal: what are the difficulties that I had faced?
• So, First our guide Vaidehi mam has provided the Instruction about how to write a research paper on a particular topic. so first I have searched for something unique for my topic when I was having so many difficulties that what kind of topic I have to search and then Finally I have decided on my topic of The Rover and Mafia queens of Mumbai so It is a bit difficult task for me to conclude this, so I had so many doughs regarding the topic or particular title of the topic so we are lucky that our Vaidehi mam gave the Guidance regarding the topic so for that I was able to do research on that.
• Then, Our first task was to find some Research paper on this, whenever I had difficulties on any path that Vaidehi mam was giving some kind of Guidance to work on it. Then I got some Article based on it and mam told that you should have to read this article and then you have to start your research paper so that we are ready for that but difficulties and confusion are in our mind that what to do? How to do it? but after reading this all I have completed my research paper on Prostitution a taboo or helplessness with the reference of The Rover and Mafia Queens of Mumbai.
•                                      
•       Conclusion 
• Research is a kind of big task that without guidance it is hard to complete, but because of Vaidehi mam, I have done that so the Guidance was very honorable and pleasurable. Now I'm happy but it was not an easy task to research it.
•                                         Thanks😊

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Petals of Blood by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

                                       Introduction 

Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o is a Kenyan writer and academic who writes primarily in Gikuyu. His work includes novels, plays, short stories, and essays, ranging from literary and social criticism to children's literature. He is the founder and editor of the Gikuyu-language journal Mũtĩiri.

Petals of Blood is a novel written by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o and first published in 1977. Set in Kenya just after independence, the story follows four characters – Munira, Abdulla, Wanja, and Karega – whose lives are intertwined due to the Mau Mau rebellion.

Author: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

Country: Kenya

Publisher: Heinemann – African Writers Series

Publication date: 1977

1. Neo-colonialism: concerning Petals of Blood

As we know that The Ngugi Wa Thiongo is a Kenyan post-colonial writer, whose work emphasizes colonialism with the reference of African civilization, when we analyze the petal of blood so we can see the character of Karega has to depict the idea of colonialism as well as the reference of colonialism, the characters like Mzigo, Chui, etc.

For there are many questions about our history which remain unanswered. Our present-day historians, following on similar theories yarned out by defenders of imperialism, insist we only arrived here yesterday.

Narrator, 67

So, Here we can see that the narrator has used the idea that still we are colonized with the thoughts of new colonialism it means that we are working like the hen we were under colonialism. so The idea of the writer sees that Now we have freedom but our ideas are still colonized like there are so many examples from the Petal of The Blood. which is given below.
                         Theng'eta

So, Theng'eta is a kind of Alcoholic drink that represents the idea of the New colonialism that Now they are having freedom but things are never changing like as an Example of western Clothes, so we are the consumer of western's factories that the where this kind of clothes is coming.

Also, Another thing we can see from the Petals of the Blood when Abdulla & wanna works in the shop but some kind of cheats which is coming from the colonial aspect that the Mzigo, who cheat to Abdulla & Wanja and the taking the shop of the Wanja that same happened in Africa & India that Those who were coming from the occupation but then that white people did cheat to us and taking and having the rules over some countries.

           Conclusion 

Thus, we can see that Ngugi Wa Thionigo is one of the post-colonial writers, who depict the African civilization as living under the colonial rules as well as the mind of people is still colonized with the Economic and social conditions.

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Revolution 2020 by Chetan Bhagat

                            Introduction 

Chetan Bhagat is an Indian author and columnist. He was included in Time magazine's list of World's 100 Most Influential People in 2010. Bhagat graduated in mechanical engineering at IIT Delhi and completed a PGP at IIM Ahmedabad

Revolution 2020: Love, Corruption, Ambition is a 2011 novel by Chetan Bhagat. Its story is concerned with a love triangle, corruption, and a journey of self-discovery. R2020 has addressed the issue of how private coaching institutions exploit aspiring engineering students and how parents put their lifetime earnings at stake for these classes so that their children can crack engineering exams and change the fortune of the family. While a handful accomplishes their dreams, others sink into disaster. The book is available as an Audiobook on Amazon.

The author stated that the novel is based on the "rampant corruption" apparent in the Indian educational system, with the choice of Varanasi as a setting emerging through "a special connection to the city" following his visit. He further said "it is one of our oldest cities, and people there now have modern aspirations. I thought the contrast would be interesting. The city also has a lot of character."

1) If you have to write a fan-fiction, how would you move ahead with the ending of this novel or what sort of change you would bring at the end of the novel?

yes, I would like to add some of the changes in the novel because when we see the character of Aarti is 

full silent so there is no voice of the female character so as a feminist writer or critic, I would like to add this part in this novel as well as the end is fully problematic when we see the novel has a love triangle but we can not get this kind of concept if we see so can we find there is lots of corruption, Problematic education system is a major concern in this novel.

2) If you were to adapt this novel for the screen, what sort of changes you would make in the story and characters to make it better than the novel? (For example, keep Five Point Someone and 3 Idiots in your mind)

Definitely, we go with some kind of changes in this novel as I told you that the character of Aarti & Raghav both is very silent in this novel only Gopal is narrating the story so we can not agree with the idea of that only Gopal can narrator the story, why Writer has used to Gopal to narrator the story? if The Gopal is the only narrator so why is The character of Raghav & Aarti both of them are particularly silent if the novel has a love triangle. so, If this novel will change into a movie adaption, the major characters are Raghav & Aarti. who wanted to do some changes in society but the narrow mind or we can not win the idea of corrupt Politicians.

3) 'For a feminist reader, Aarti is a sheer disappointing character.' Do you agree with this statement? If yes, what sort of characteristics you would like to see in Aarti. If you disagree with this statement, why? What is it in Aarti that you are satisfied with this character?

yes, The character of Aarti is silent but she is coming from the higher class as well as she has the power of politics means the Atmosphere of the Aarti has politics but she can not involve in these things so which is good for Aarti because as we know that we can not win the corruption at all and one thing is signifier from the Gopal that Aarti will always choose the good person rather than seeing high class so that why the end of the novel she moves towards Gopal.

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Impressionistic Approach: ''Live Burial''

 

"Live burial"

                                 Wole Soyinka

 

                 Introduction

Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka, known as Wole Soyinka, is a Nigerian playwright, novelist, poet, and essayist in the English language. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first sub-Saharan African to be honored in that category. Soyinka was born into a Yoruba family in Abeokuta.

Wole Soyinka is a dramatist and a poet, novelist, and critic. His poetry has appeared in several collections, including Idanre and Other Poems (1967), Poems from Prison (1969), A Shuttle in the Crypt (1972), and Mandela’s Earth and Other Poems (1988). The long poem Ogun Abibiman ,.

"Live burial" Sixteen paces By twenty-three. They hold Siege against humanity And Truth Employing time to drill through to his sanity Schismatic Lover of Antigone! You will? You will unearth Corpses of yester- Year? Expose manure of present birth?   Seal him live In that same necropolis. May his ghost mistress Point the classic Route to Outsiders' Stygian Mysteries.   Bulletin: He sleeps well, eats Well. His doctors note No damage Our plastic surgeons tend his public image. ConfessionFiction? Is truth not the essence Of Art, and fiction Art? Lest it rust We kindly borrowed his poetic license. Galileo We hoped he'd prove - age Or genius may recant - our butchers Tired of waiting Ordered; take the scapegoat, drop the sage. Guara'l The lizard: Every minute scrapes A concrete mixer throat. The cola slime Flies to blotch the walls in patterned grime   The ghoul: Flushed from hanging, sniffles Snuff, to clear his head of Sins -- the law Declared -- that morning's gallows load was dead of. The voyeur: Times his sly patrol For the hour upon the throne I think he thrills To hear the Muse's constipated Groan  Impressionistic approach: Live Burial  So, we can go with the impressionistic approach after reading the poem. So we have an idea that this poem is related to some kind of post-colonial argument of the poet because when we analyze this poem we can get the idea that he was in prison at the time he wrote this poem. He faced much mental torture. When he was going to the toilet, he was writing the poem. When he was in jail there is 16 sixteen feet of land and wheals. 23 months he was staying there. Now coming back to the point, what impression falls into my mind is that the poet has done his own experience and did the analysis of western civilization. What is the impact that it changes the perspective of the African people? so, I saw that still, people are living in the poor thoughts of the western people that white is always superior and black is always inferior so it means to say that now we are in the modern time but still we have a tradition of the white is always a good choice and black is always bad choice so it means to say that even we can take the one of example that the system of Indian marriage seeing the white dominance. So as we know that we are civilized or depend on western people so another example is that when someone is coming from any outsides country, who has white skin so must some people will be gathered to make a selfie with the foreigner or whenever that person will have black skin so no one can be coming for any selfie. So as an argument or taking the perspective of the poet is right that still most of the communists have this kind of mindset.  Conclusion Wole Soyinka’s poetry reflects the contradictions in his heritage. His religious beliefs are tribal, specifically, the Yoruba pantheon of gods, and Christian, and his cultural upbringing draws from African traditions, opposed to modernization, and Western traditions. Although he celebrates the complexities that are Africa, he does not romanticize his native. So, The whole poem criticizes western thoughts and criticizes the mindset of the African people and dependent on another country, who are under colonialism. Thanks😊

Prostitution: A taboo or Helplessness? With reference to “The Rover’’ & “Mafia Queens of Mumbai''

                            Abstract

    “The Rover”& “Mafia Queens of Mumbai” both are such kinds of real incidents which happen in society.so The main object of the comparison of the two texts is to analyze that ‘Prostitution’ is a kind of Taboo in society. So the main objective is to say that Prostitution is Taboo or what? What the society’s people can see in the woman. Who is working under prostitution? If we can think about that you have a mindset of similarity between a Prostitution girl and a House worker woman but you disagree with the statement so I can do research on this topic.

Keywords: feminism, Male Violence, Rap Culture, Mafia, Psychoanalysis,

      Introduction

Aphra Behn was an English playwright, poet, translator, and fiction writer from the Restoration era. As one of the first English women to earn her living by her writing, she broke cultural barriers and served as a literary role model for later generations of women authors.

 The Rover or The Banish'd Cavaliers is a 1677 play by Aphra Behn. While the word feminist and the theory of feminism was not present at the time the play premiered, there is distinctly a feminist reading to the play, specifically consistent with first-wave feminism.`The Rover or The Banish'd Cavaliers is a play in two parts that is written by the English author Aphra Behn. It is a revision of Thomas Killigrew's play Thomaso, or The Wanderer, and features multiple plot lines, dealing with the amorous adventures of a group of Englishmen and women in Naples at Carnival time.

One of the major storylines in The Rover revolves around the female character Hellena's sexual pursuit of the male protagonist Willmore. Aphra Behn is often viewed through a feminist lens since she was one of the first women in England to earn her living by writing.

S. Hussain Zaidi is an Indian author and former investigative journalist. His works include Dongri to Dubai: Six Decades of the Mumbai Mafia, Mafia Queens of Mumbai, Black Friday, My Name is Abu Salem, and Mumbai Avengers. S. Hussain Zaidi is India's most prolific crime writer. He publishes under the Blue Salt imprint.

Mafia Queens of Mumbai: Stories of women from the ganglands is an Indian 2011 non-fiction crime novel written by Hussain Zaidi with original research by reporter Jane Borges. It tells 13 true stories of women who were involved in criminal activities in Mumbai.

Prostitutions in The Society

According to conflict theory, prostitution reflects the economic inequality in society. Many poor women feel compelled to become prostitutes because of their lack of money; because wealthier women have many other sources of income, the idea of becoming a prostitute is something they never have to consider. 

prostitution, the practice of engaging in relatively indiscriminate sexual activity, in general with someone who is not a spouse or a friend, in exchange for immediate payment in money or other valuables. Prostitutes may be female or male or transgender, and prostitution may entail heterosexual or homosexual activity, but historically most prostitutes have been women and most clients men.

   (Jenkins, John Philip. "prostitution". Encyclopedia Britannica,)

How does prostitution affect society?

Effects of Prostitution on Society & Individuals. Prostitution contributes to the objectification of women: Just because someone pays does not erase the qualifications of what we consider sexual violence, domestic violence, and rape. However, people who pay for sex tend to think that what they do is acceptable.

 

  Prostitution is A Taboo or what?

So first, we can quickly move on to the topic that Prostitution in the Rover and the Mafia Queens of Mumbai concerning the article.

Historical context  Cavalier revelries under Charles II regained the notoriety of their pre-Cromwellian counterparts.  Britain’s king led his noblemen by example with a hedonistic lifestyle of parties, sex, and extravagant spending.  The social and sexual freedom of this “libertinism,” however, did not extend to ladies.  Although women might crave higher degrees of autonomy and sexual expression, their lives still fit within the boundaries of three roles: nun, prostitute, or wife.  Between the categories of “virgin” and “whore” lay avoid, not a spectrum; one could give “the whole cargo or nothing” (Behn 164). (Ellen T. Goodson My Interpretation of the Historical context is that the people of the puritan age at that time were living like most of the Hedonistic lifestyle. Those who are coming from the richest class were having this kind of freedom so I mean to say that the Rover is a kind of play that people are enjoying their lifestyle without any rules and regulations so the characters like Blunt, Bellville, Fredrick, Willmore, etc. Each woman begins the play bound one of the three fates: Florinda to marriage, Hellena to the nunnery, and Angellica Bianca to well-paid prostitution.  Through Carnival, however, these women abandon their prescribed positions with disguises to “be mad as the rest, and take all innocent freedoms,” including to “outwit twenty brothers” (Behn 138-139). The masquerade serves multiple purposes.  First, disguise equalizes the class distinctions, “[blurring, criticizing] and…even [satirizing] the difference between the categories available to women” (Kreis-Schenck 160). When lost in the festivities, the ladies join all that “is or would have you think they’re courtesans,” the most sexually liberated women (Behn 142).  Their initial costumes as gypsies allow them to approach men in a feminized, desirous way.  Gypsies already occupy the role of an outcast on the liminal edge of society; by taking on their looks, Florinda and Hellena put themselves and their sexuality outside the confines of cultural expectation.  Their decision implies Behn’s opinion that her peers should seek to escape the restrictions that define them. If we can read this paragraph so we can easily get the idea that prostitution is a kind of big task that a prostitutional woman is doing in the world. So we can give one kind of metaphor about what prostitutional women are in society's male dominance. So, here in this, I use Angelica is a kind of two Rupees pen means that you might get the idea that those women are working on Prostitution. Who might be facing like use and throw? so the two rupees pen is one kind of metaphor of the Prostitutional Girl. sob in the Rover characters like Willmore and his friends are having continually prostituting the women.

When she and her maid realize Willmore is courting Hellena, Angelica confronts her unfaithful lover and then tries to convey her pain to Moretta

Moretta. What could you expect less from such a Swaggerer?

 Angelica. Expect! As much as I paid him, a Heart entire, 

Which I had pride enough to think when e’er I gave It would have raised the Man above the Vulgar, 

Made him all Soul, and that all soft and constant. (3.1.144)(María Teresa)

So, These are the original Dialogues by our Protagonist character Angelica that when she realized that Willmore has used Angelica then she feel some guilt on the Willmore so the understanding of these lines means that The dichotomy depict in the lines that Male is always free to do anything in ṭhis world woman is like a skeleton, Pinjar, Prisoner. If any woman has sexual relations sheep with any other male so definitely she will become part of Prostitutional Girl.

Angellica Bianca, who is, by all definitions, a whore, is Hellena’s rival and a character who confuses all the norms of masculine society. She has the advantage of being in control of her body. It is she who actively engages the men’s interest and names the price. The men have no choice but to pay what she asks. By having Angellica put up her picture and then look at the men looking at it, Behn, as Hutner (1993) notes, employs the “reversed double gaze – watching the men watch her” (p. 107). Angellica purposely submits herself to objectification, with an awareness of how the men will gaze on her.

Later on, though, Angellica attempts to avenge herself on Willmore. With a gun in her hand, Angellica assumes a masculine role, but she is unable to kill Willmore and is rather disempowered by having Antonio remove the gun from her hand and being led away. Willmore’s nonchalant attitude towards her rage, too, serves to undermine her power. The whore Angellica is cast aside at this point to make way for the virgin Hellena. The issue of the success of one woman over another in gaining a man, however, is problematic in the sense that Angelica's failure may be attributed to her immoral life and Hellena’s success to her virginity, virtues, and noble birth, factors or standards which have already been set by a masculine society. Once again, thus, the deciding agent becomes men which suggest that female empowerment is temporary. (Arifa Ghani Rahman) 

My point of view is that we can justify the character of Willmore. Who is the protagonist character in the play but the argument saying that our hero is not Willmore but angelica, can see the Angelica is a kind postfeminist lens that she suffered a lot in their life because she is prostitute girl, who is making sexual relation sheep with any man. Who has the power of money because in this material world money is Everything?

⇱⇲ Willmore 

•   Angelica 

⇆⇌ Hellena 

At last, Angelica wanted to shoot Willmore because she can not do that because she can't take revenge so here we can see the pure & kind heart of the woman.

           Well researched, this book is a tribute to the women who have mIt couldn't get feistier than this you think on reading the title and immediately conjure up images of gorgeous molls lolling on the arms of cigar-puffing villains sporting mismatched shoes. But Mafia Queens of Mumbai: Stories of Women from the Ganglands is nothing like what you'd expect. A cool clinical tribute to the women who made significant inroads into the infamous arena of Mumbai's criminal underbelly, the extensively researched work of journalists S. Hussain Zaidi and Jane Borges, besides enlightening one on the ways of lady gangsters, informs, enthralls, and very frequently chills the reader down to his bone marrow. made significant inroads into Mumbai's criminal underbelly. (Kankana Basu)

So, In this, we are going to discuss the story Gangubai. There are several kinds of stories but we can discuss one famous nonfictional story of Gangubai is one of the prostitutional women but she does not actually come in this occupation but unfortunately, her husband sold gangubai in this redlight area John. The quality of gangubai is trying to tribute that who are interested they can join or there is no need for this work. 

Psychoanalytic criticism in literature, based on the theories of psychoanalysis, by the Austrian neurologist, Sigmund Freud have been instrumental in exploring the dark vistas of the characters‟ minds and interpreting the text for many years. It works on the concept of the unconscious or repressed desires which, when comes to surface has, helps in the healing process of the individual psychological distress and complexities. He further develops his theory by introducing the notions of id, ego, and superego, the three elements in the personality of an individual. In „Mafia Queens of Mumbai‟, we come across some women characters, who can be examined under the light of this theory. (Sompurba Basu)

So, we can get the concept of the Mafia Queens of Mumbai is not some kind of Criminal story of the woman but it has the surface of reading and analysis of the feminism and Psychoanalysis perspective. So the gangubai is one of the great examples of prostitution women. 

Conclusion

Thus, we can argue that the work of prostitution is not taboo but the way of seeing Prostitutional girls is incorrect, so the further we can say that The character of Angelica & Gangubai do not come willingly but some atrocity of the male dominance though they are keeping in this kind of Prison of Prostitution. So After doing research pf these two texts we have to change our perspective of the Prostitute woman. So We can agree with the title that prostitution is not Taboo but it's helplessness so by force they are coming into this work which is taboo for society but it’s not actually taboo Am I right? Give your opinion about the analysis of my write-up and give a valuable response or comments.

Bibliography 

Goodson, Ellen T. "Aphra Behn's "The Rover": Evaluating Women's Social And Sexual Options". Inquiries Journal, 2021, http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1695/aphra-behns-the-rover-evaluating-womens-social-and-sexual-options.

Basu, Kankana. "Queens Without Crowns". The Hindu, 2021, https://www.thehindu.com/books/queens-without-crowns/article2420664.ece.

Basu, Sompurba. Druckhaus-Hofmann.De, 2021, https://www.druckhaus-hofmann.de/gallery/15-wj-april-2199.pdf.

Rahman, Arifa Ghani. "Download Files From The Web". Support.Microsoft.Com, 2021, https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/download-files-from-the-web-abb92c09-af3a-bd99-d279-a89848b54b0b.

Hobby, Elaine. "British Library". Bl.Uk, 2021, https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/the-rover-an-introduction.

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