Thinking activity on The Waste Land

      Introduction👊

The Waste Land, long poem by T.S. Eliot, published in 1922, first in London in The Criterion (October), next in New York City in The Dial (November), and finally in book form, with footnotes by Eliot. The 433-line, five-part poem was dedicated to fellow poet Ezra Pound, who helped condense the original manuscript to nearly half its size. It was one of the most influential works of the 20th century.

About the other of  The poem :T.S Eliot

     

The waste land poem

 Eliot politely insisted that the title was three words beginning with "The". In the modern time style of epic writing is very famous.Epic is very famous this time.This time T.S.Eliot  writes very big a nd long Epic The Waste Land.The waste land is very long Epic.The waste land is decided into five part.This all part like as :

      After a fourth section, "Death by Water," which includes a brief lyrical petition, the culminating fifth section, "What the Thunder Said," concludes with an image of judgment.

1)The Burial Of the Dead ( 76 Lines )

2) A game of Chess ( 96 Lines )

3) The Fire Sermon ( 139 Lines )

4) Death by Water ( 10 lines )

5) What the thunder Said ( 113 Lines ) 

   In a May 1921 letter to New York lawyer and patron of modernism.Eliot read him the manuscript draft of The Waste Land in London, Eliot visited him in the country.He returned from Lausanne in early January 1922. Pound then made detailed editorial comments and significant cuts to the manuscript. Eliot later dedicated the poem to Pound.Eliot sent the manuscript drafts of the poem to John Quinn in October 1922; they reached Quinn in New York in January 1923.Upon Quinn's death in 1924 they were inherited by his sister Julia Anderson. Years later, in the early 1950s, Mrs Anderson's daughter Mary Conroy found the documents in storage.

1) What are your views on the following image after reading 'The Waste Land'? Do you think that Eliot is regressive as compared to Nietzche's views? or Has Eliot achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho-historical answer to the contemporary malaise?

  Answer : Eliot stands for Regressive, backward looking as it tries to find answers of contemporary malaise in Upanishad, Buddhism and Christianity. On the other side Nietzche stands for progressvie and forward looking, in giving solution to the problem of contemporary crises in faith and self.

        In compared to Neitzche's thought, yes Eliot is regressive but it doesn't mean that he only rises question on his contemporary society, he also tries to give way of solution rather than the answers. Cycle of time always moving and when History start repeating one must have to look back and try to learn that what are mistakes our ancestor did and now when time comes to us how we will deal with it? It is certain and right that new questions's answer we couldn't find in Upanishad, Buddhism and christinity but the way of living,understanding towards any situation one can devlop.

  2.What are your views regarding these comments? Is it true that giving free vent to the repressed 'primitive instinct' lead us to happy and satisfied life? or do you agree with Eliot's view that 'salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition'?

   Answer : Yes, it is truth that giving free vent to the repressed primitive instinct' can lead us to happy and satisfied life, but individually, things and happiness which is satisfying us can harm others and which give pleasure to others can harm us. But as per Eliot views if all follow such culture, tradition and belief in such lifestyle and moralities, a network of understanding can be created human live peacefully.

3) Write about allusions to the Indian thoughts in 'The Waste Land'. (Where, How and Why are the Indian thoughts referred?)

Answer : There are many Indian thought in waste land. Eliot was well read scholar and he includes Indian Upanishad also in his poems.

        The basic theme of the poem based on Indian thought spirituality. Through the spirituality Eliot tried to got solution of sexual perversion and hollowness of Men in modern time. He used Buddhism and  Upnished thoughts in the poem.

Datta , Dayadhvam and Damyata : 

   In this poem Eliot used Indian spiritual  thought  of Datta , Damyata and Dayadhvam. It were used for the people of that time who shattering down and committed suicide and run away from their responsibilities.

 

Datta:

what have we given?

My friend, blood shaking my heart 

The awful daring of a moment's surrender 

Which an age of prudence can never retract 

By this, and this only, we have existed 

Which is not to be found in our obituaries

Or in memories draped by the beneficent spider

Or under seals broken by the lean solicitor

In our empty rooms       

      So in this lines talked about not only charity but giving oneself for some noble cause. Devote oneself for noble needs. It is pious , selfless , sacrifice are not found in any biographies or memory books. Ex. Daan vir Karna and Bhamasha.

 Eliot gives three 'Da':

Datta

To give not only charity but giving oneself for some noble cause.

 Dayadhvam- 

Sympathies yourself with the sorrows and suffering of others, come out of your isolation and love into others.

Damyata- 

Self control, control over one's passion and desire.

      So in Datta talked about Sacrifice,  Damyata talked about self control and Dayadhvam talked about sympathy for  others.

Ganga :

 Ganga was sunken, and the limp leaves

Waited for rain, while the black clouds

Gathered far distant, over Himavant.

The jungle crouched, humped in silence. 

Then spoke the thunder.    

   So In this lines Eliot used Ganga which considered as holy river in India. Also used Himalayas as Himavant. So both are mythically and spiritually connected to India.so here we can say that in this poem t.s.eliot used this holy river word which consider in India. So in this poem we see some points related into the India in this poem. 

Shantih shlok : 

          " Shantih    shantih    shantih "

     The word Shantih connect with Indian spirituality.  In this line used  for some hope and peaceful life. Peace that coming after anxiety.

   Eliot refers to Wisdom of India for spiritual salvation of modern humanity. So by used this Indian thoughts Eliot wanted to resolved the problem like sexual perversion and spiritual draught.  He wanted to gave message about  " The way of life which is spiritual." here we can say that Indian thoughts about peace in every universal things. We should not like vulture, keep others away from having what we actually don't need but be a giver, sympathies with other. Gandhiji also said: ''There is enough on this earth for everybody's need, but not sufficient for one's greed. We should not belivbb in materials and contemporary things that one day will destroy. In this way I think T.S Eliot might found Upnishada's thoughts of ,"Datta", "Damyata", "Dayadhvam", and "Shantih" suitable for universal calmness...

Conclusion

As we know the Waste Land is very hard to understand because it's devided in 5 parts, all parts are presenting different kind of myth  connect with modern erra. But when it becomes easy for us when someone is giving and teaching proper understanding of the poem .Now ,it is easy for me because I have learnt from the classes.which was taken by Dilip sir.so now clear cut concept is in my mind.

Thanks 😊

Thinking activity on Modern poems

                    Hello readers,

                    Introduction  👀

As a part of task we want to study some modern poems. Basically, the word modernism has very different meaning. however, we are studying the T.S Eliot's poem :The West Land. It is modern poem but very difficult poem without teaching we can't understand. Also, as a part of study we would find the metaphor and Symbol of the Modern poems.

The Embankment

BY T. E. HULME

(The fantasia of a fallen gentleman on a cold, bitter night.)

Once, in finesse of fiddles found I ecstasy,

In the flash of gold heels on the hard pavement.

Now see I

That warmth’s the very stuff of poesy.

Oh, God, make small

The old star-eaten blanket of the sky,

That I may fold it round me and in comfort lie.

T. E. Hulme, ‘The Embankment (7 lines). T. E. Hulme (1883-1917) was an influential poet and thinker in the first few years of the twentieth century.

  First, a short paraphrase of the poem: on London’s Embankment (an area well-known for homeless people sleeping rough), a ‘fallen gentleman’ reflects on his past and how he found pleasure in worldly social activities (the ‘finesse of fiddles’ suggesting musical gatherings, such as dances) and beautiful women – probably (given the ‘flash of gold heels on the hard pavement‘) courtesans or prostitutes. But now, down on his luck and most probably sleeping rough on the streets, he realises that warmth is what really matters and is what poets should be singing about. The poem then ends with a heartfelt entreaty to the heavens, with the poem’s speaker beseeching God to make a blanket of the starry sky so that the speaker’s wish for warmth might be granted.

Joseph Campbell, ‘Darkness‘

Darkness.
I stop to watch a star shine in the boghole –
A star no longer, but a silver ribbon of light.
I look at it, and pass on.

'Star' is a symbol of prosperity and brightness means that there was some goodness in civilization but now it's all dark. If anyone looks at the stars, he or she will sit and admire the beauty of the night, but here post just looks at it and passes on. This reflects the disinterestedness prevalent in modern times.  How modernists were not interested in the so-called brightness of the Victorian age can be seen here. The decayed condition of the civilization is presented.

Edward Storer, ‘Image’ (3 lines)

Forsaken lovers,
Burning to a chaste white moon,
Upon strange pyres of loneliness and drought.

     poem is about the  poet uses the symbol of white moon as it connects heart of two lovers, while here the poet use it in opposite side that it burns lovers that they can't chaste each other, their loneliness is there though they are together , this shows the modern aspect that people are alone though they are in crowd.

 Ezra Pound, ‘In a Station of the Metro‘ (2 lines)

 The apparition of these faces in the Crowd;

  Petals on a wet, black bough

 Here “Metro” itself is a symbol of Modernism and the crowd represents the people. So here we can say that it represents the people who are living physically but mentally they all are dead because of their daily hasty schedule. “Bough” is a branch of a tree, and here he used “black bough” which means the dead branch of a tree (culture). Here society is a tree and branch is culture.

H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), ‘The Pool‘ (5 lines)

Are you alive?

       I touch you

       You quiver trembling like a sea-fish

       I cover you with my net

       What are you- banded one?

The title ' The pool' gives us an image of stored water. Water symbolizes purity and rebirth. Here water is in pool it's not flowing which symbolises the rottenness of the civilization. This poem reflects the lifelessness in the people who are lost in the monotonous life like a ' fish caught in net'

 Richard Aldington, ‘Insouciance‘ (5 lines)

      

      In and out of the dreary trenches

       Trudging cheerily under the stars

       I make for myself little poems

       Delicate as a flock of doves

       They fly away like white-winged

        Doves.

 This poem shows the carelessness of people . its also seems like war poem and poet talks about life of Soldier as Ajit said earlier in his blog. The metaphor like ' dreary trenches', 'flock of doves' and 'white winged dove' etc used by poet to express his thought about lifestyle of people that how they are unaware and don't have any exitement but still they are going on to live their life.

T. S. Eliot, ‘Morning at the Window‘ (9 lines).

They are rattling breakfast plates in basement kitchens,

And along the trampled edges of the street

I am aware of the damp souls of housemaid

Sprouting despondently at area gates.

 The brown waves of fog toss up to me

Twisted faces from the bottom of the street,

And tear from a passer-by with muddy skirts

An aimless smile that hovers in the air

 And vanishes along the level of the roofs.

      In this poem there are many words like “rattling”, “damp souls”, “despondently”, “fog”, “twisted faces”, “fear”, “aimless”. Here we can find negativity I each line which represents the darker side. In this poem we can find images of “dullness” and “dead spirit”. Here we  can refer  the first part “the burial of dead” of T.S Eliot’s “The Wasteland” in this poem also we can find negativity all around. In this part Eliot used the image of “dull roots”, “snow” and “a heap of broken images”.

William Carlos Williams, ‘The Red Wheelbarrow‘ (8 lines)

so much depends

 upon

a red wheel

barrow

 glazed with rain

water

beside the white

chicken.

Poem is quite confusing as we see it in normal way  it give the  picture of rural scene where the Rainwater, chicken and cart are found but its different from it that it talks about dependence and independence that we are depend on many thing here red wheel barrow suggested the it carrying loads of different things, white Chicken suggests the pure and peaceful atmosphere.

Wallace Stevens, ‘Anecdote of the Jar‘ .

I placed a jar in Tennessee,    

And round it was, upon a hill.  

It made the slovenly wilderness  

Surround that hill.

The wilderness rose up to it,

And sprawled around, no longer wild.  

The jar was round upon the ground  

And tall and of a port in air.

It took dominion everywhere.  

The jar was gray and bare.

It did not give of bird or bush,  

Like nothing else in Tennessee.

The poem is about the control over civilization of a state or a place. Here poet discussed about the state “Tennessee” in United States of America. In this poem poet placed a jar on the hill. After some time jar at hill owns the place slowly and steadily. Through this line poet wants to say that how an outsider comes as different place and owns that place or we can say that an outsider made its place on that place slowly and steadily. There is one word “wilderness” which represents the unsettled way of an outsider. There is a phrase “sprawled outsider” which means to spread out in a disorderly fashion.

E. E. Cummings, ‘l(a‘ (9 lines)

 

l(a

 

le

af

fa

ll

 

s)

one

l

 iness

There is a word “fall” which represents the state of dullness. It can be fall of civilization, individual’s hope or fall of anything else. when we carefully read it it is line that 'a leaf falls on loneliness', when we look at the  modernist structure to write a  poem it also look like leaf falls down , it also suggest the feelings or dreams of people after wars that are broken in small pieces.

                                                                                                                      Thanks😇

 

The frame study of the Films: "The Modern Times" & "The Great Dictator"

                                         👊Introduction👊

Before the start our frame study, let me introduce the writers of the films. The Charlie Chaplin is the writer of the both the films. He was an english comic actor, film maker , and one of the important things that composer in the era of silent film..

first I want  ask to my readers have you seen any silent and comic movie? if yes, please do the comment with the example of that movies. Also, I would like to tell you that you must watch the both the Charlie Chaplin's movie. when we see the any movie at that time we think that without any words how we can see any film. It's general question of the all of us. so first, we know that who was Charlie Chaplin.

you might have heard and see the Charles Chaplin's The Modern times. let us see the frames through the films.

**frames from ''The Modern times''**

Modern times A story of Industry of individual enterprise -humanity crusading in the pursuit of happiness.

here on the frame, we are seeing the time watch. we can not control it so the watch depicts the importance of the time with the people are working like a sheep. also, majority is that the middle class people are working but the major has lots of time. who comes from the middle class they are just facing the problems.

As  I have mention that the sheep has one routine that one go that way so all will go to choose the same path so as it is modern people are following the schedule.

we can see the major person is reading the newspaper. It might be hard work done by that person because he has been seating on the first table now Charlie Chaplin is just enjoying the all movement like we are definitely modern with the smoking is the hobby even personality of the people so Cigarettes might be thinking like this is in the modern era.-

cured of a nervous break down but without a job, he leaves the hospital to start life a new. Dr says take it easy and avoid excitement.so the great Charlie has so many problems he is just comedian but his comedies like we never feel tired just enjoying the silent activity but affect full for us.

Behind the some upper class people to get liberty but at that time suddenly Charlie come and unknown situation through become part of this movement also fruitful for Charlie goes into the prison by the police kept to him.

here, we see the modernism comes but the poor people are living in the homeless area. They don't have any home both of them are helpless people. if we see the industrialization is developing a lot but middles are in the middle position, richest are becoming a very richest. so this is the modernism. it's depict by Charlie Chaplin without seeing any word.

The modern things are only for a richest man just experiment on innocent worker of the factory. so reality is this major always catch the weak man. Also, we see the modern are becoming a more modern.

she is telling to Charlie Chaplin what is the use of trying?

Charlies Reply: " back up Never say die. We'll get along.

in the modern time all prisoner follow the police man with his whistle. It's symbol of the rules and regulation with the order.

   **Frames from ''The Great Dictator''**

In this film Charlie Chaplin representing the. two roles. both have different thoughts. one is very cruel second one is kind and good man. however, the people of Hitler's are under the Jew people also we see the modernism all the seen are reality at now a days. The powerful man always desire to reign on the poor people.

There are so many weapon for a war are still alive in  the modern time some of the reason of that they are just little bit worried for using the technological modern weapon because we know that the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bomb blast.

here you can see the Hitler is imagine that world is in my hand. He is playing with the balloon like 🐕 is driving the four wheel.

                  👇conclusion👇

The films are so good because the modernism through reality in the frame part, if we see some frame so easily we  can understand that what Charlie Chaplin wants to tell us, it is not just comedy but the modernism in the both the films. Silent films are always amazing today we knew that.

Thanks😊

Dystopian literature

         Introduction 👇

Dystopian literature is a form of speculative fiction that began as a response to utopian literature. A dystopia is an imagined community or society that is dehumanizing and frightening.

Dystopian fiction offers a vision of the future. Dystopias are societies in cataclysmic decline, with characters who battle environmental ruin, technological control, and government oppression. Dystopian novels can challenge readers to think differently about current social and political climates, and in some instances can even inspire action.

What Is the Significance of Dystopian Fiction?👊

Dystopian novels that have a didactic message often explore themes like anarchism, oppression, and mass poverty. Margaret Atwood, one of literature’s most celebrated authors of dystopian fiction, thinks about it like this: “If you’re interested in writing speculative fiction, one way to generate a plot is to take an idea from current society and move it a little further down the road. Even if humans are short-term thinkers, fiction can anticipate and extrapolate into multiple versions of the future.”

Here are other reasons why dystopian fiction is significant in literature:

Dystopian fiction can be a way to educate and warn humanity about the dangers of current social and political structures. Margaret Atwood’s 1985 novel The Handmaid’s Tale takes place in a futuristic United States, known as Gilead. It cautions against oppressive patriarchy.
Dystopian stories may convey an author’s beliefs. For example, H.G. Wells’ 1895 novel The Time Machine reflected Wells’ socialist views. The story follows a Victorian England scientist who builds a time machine and witnesses the pitfalls of a capitalist society.

• Dystopian stories require a greater suspension of disbelief and can be very imaginative. For example, George Orwell’s allegory Animal Farm is about a group of pigs who stage a rebellion against their human farmer. The farm animals’ rise to power is based on the Russian Revolution.

Dystopian novels can also be satirical critiques. For example, the 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess is a social satire of behaviorism. It takes place in a futuristic society with a youth subculture of extreme violence. A totalitarian government protects society by prescribing good behavior and abolishing violent impulses.

Characteristics of Dystopian Fiction

The central themes of dystopian novels generally fall under these topics:

Government control

Environmental destruction

Technological control

Survival

Loss of individualism

Let us see the one dystopian novel 

The animal farm 

                        By George Orwell

The Animal farm is very different and interesting novel by George orwell. We can say that the novel depict the reality of the society.How politician are living his life . If we can talk that the there are somany characters in the novel but interesting thing is that the pig 🐖 is main character in the novel.so the story is all about the Animal farm but after some time all members become the smart and intelligent in the farm .so all animals are against for some rules and regulations which is handled by the Johns. He is handling and give food to the all Animal but when Animal has some intelligency so after the main problem create in the novel.as soon as the main pig character whose name is Napolian handled the all situation of the all animals.so also some rules and regulations Maken by the animals but we can say that we never imagine that animal will talk with the humans but the major theme of the novel is writer is criticise to the politicians.how political things are going on in the Novel.

Characters analysis of the George Orwell's Animal farm 

Napoleon

Napoleon is a metaphor for Stalin. Napoleon is the villain of the book and uses the revolution and the power he gains for his own selfish desires. Orwell felt Stalin had corrupted the revolution in Russia and used it to his own advantage.

Even the name Napoleon is important, as Napoleon Bonaparte the famous French General had risen to power and became a dictator in the 19th century on the back of the events of the French revolution. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power on the back of revolution against the establishment, a revolution of ideals, much like Napoleon the pig does in the book.

In the book Napoleon has many of the other animals executed after they ‘confess’ to their crimes. On page 56 the text reads ‘Napoleon now called upon them to confess their crimes. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, ... When they had finished their confession the dogs promptly tore their throats out,’. This is an allusion to the show trials by Stalin in Russia in the 1930s where political opponents were eliminated after an apparent trial and confession, many of the confessions involved them working with Trotsky against the Soviet Union.

As the narrative develops Napoleon’s rule becomes more and more cruel, and he becomes a dictator, using terror and propaganda to control the other animals and prevent a second revolt against him. While at the same time he and the other pigs become more and more like Jones and take on many human traits.

Snowball

Snowball is an allegory for Trotsky, one of Stalin’s biggest political rivals in Russia in the 1920s, before Stalin exiled him from the USSR in 1927. Like Trotsky, Snowball in Animal Farm is also exiled as a result of being a political rival and a threat to Napoleon’s power, page 31 ‘These two disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible.’ Despite this a reader should not view this as Orwell simply presenting us with good and evil, Snowball is portrayed as being quite ruthless himself. When Boxer expresses regret at killing a human being Snowball says on page 28 “ War is war. The only good human being is a dead one.’’ This may be a reference to Trotsky’s ruthlessness while turning the Red Army into an effective fighting force in the Russian Civil War.

 In the book in the Battle of the Cowshed which is an allusion to the Russian Civil War, Snowball shows military leadership page 26 reads ‘Snowball, who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar’s campaigns which he had found in the farmhouse, was in charge of the defensive operations.’ Under Snowball’s leadership the animals win the battle and Snowball is rewarded with the medal ‘Animal Hero, First Class’ for his actions.

Snowball is eventually chased off the farm by Napoleon’s dogs, a reference to the fact Stalin had Trotsky exiled from the Soviet Union for the threat he represented to Stalin’s po koiwer. As discussed in the main essay the Snowball in the book is a more sympathetic character than the Snowball in the film. This is one of the differences between the two texts.

Squealer

Squealer is one of the book’s most enigmatic characters; he is Napoleon’s right hand man. Squealer probably represents Pravda, a newspaper in the USSR that was widely used by Stalin for propaganda purposes. In his description on page 9 he is said to be ‘a brilliant talker, ... The others said of Squealer that he could turn black into white.’ It is he who uses the sheep’s slogans to put help drown out any voices of opposition to Napoleon. Pages 31 and 32 ‘Of late the sheep had taken to bleating ‘Four legs good, two legs bad’ both in and out of season, and they often interrupted the Meeting with this.’ The sheep represent the masses that can be easily manipulated.

He is the ultimate propagandist, when the animals complain of the pigs greedily hoarding the milk and apples Squealer on page 23 responds ‘’Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. ... We pigs are the brainworkers. ... It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back!’’ He effectively uses the animals’ fear of Jones to justify the pigs taking more and more luxuries for themselves. It is also Squealer who alters the commandments.

Major

Major is the first character in the book to be described and the line on page 1 reads ‘He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut.’ (A tush is a canine tooth.) It is Major who gives the animals the philosophy of animalism and the rules by which they are to live, which become the seven commandments that the animals later paint on the barn. Major is the book’s equivalent to Lenin; here Orwell diverges from Russian history, in the book Major dies before the uprising on the farm happens, while in reality Lenin lived long enough to see the Tsar overthrown. Perhaps Orwell’s reason for doing this was that in part the character of Major also represents Karl Marx, who was the founder of socialism and was dead before the Russian Revolution. Major’s skull is put on display by the animals in the book, much like how Lenin’s body was put on display in Moscow after his death.

The Dogs

The dogs represent the secret police or the NKVD in the Soviet Union. The dogs are important to Napoleon in maintaining his power and preventing another revolution overthrowing him. They carry out Napoleons executions and enforce his decrees on the animals. On pages 35 and 36 it is the dogs that eliminate the greatest threat to Napoleon’s power as ‘nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws. ... He was running as only a pig can run, ... he put on an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more.’ For their loyalty the dogs are treated better and fed better by the pigs than the other animals on the farm. They are part of Napoleon’s campaign of terror to maintain is control over the farm.

Jones

Jones is the Tsar of Russia Nicholas II and is portrayed as a poor manager of the farm, though Orwell wrote on page 11 ‘Mr Jones, although a hard master, had been a capable farmer, but of late had fallen on evil days. ... and had taken to drinking more than was good for him.’ This would be a reference to how Russia though once a great power had declined in the years leading up to the Russian Revolution and had suffered greatly in the First World War. Major in his speech on page 4 says ‘Man is the only creature that consumes without producing.’ Major is talking not just about Jones, but about mankind, this is clearly an anti-capitalist sentiment in the book. Major is echoing Marx and his ideas that the capitalists and the rich take from the workers, but do not produce themselves.

Boxer

Boxer represents the workers, those who worked hard under both the new and old regimes in Russia and on the farm in the book and whose dedication is never rewarded. He represents in part the ‘Stakhanovite movement’ in USSR, a labour movement which was dedicated to making known individuals who had worked very hard, the movement was supported by the Communist Party in the USSR as a means to increase productivity. Boxer in part represents Alexsei Stakhanovite, for whom the movement was named and who reportedly in one shift at his coal mined many times the normal coal quota. Boxer in the book and in the film pays the ultimate sacrifice for his unquestioning loyalty to Napoleon and the pigs. Boxer’s female equivalent is Clover, another horse, who though she is somewhat more intelligent than Boxer is also unable to see the pigs for the tyrants they are.

Benjamin

Benjamin is one Animal Farm’s more complex characters, there is no obvious metaphor between Benjamin and Russian history or communism. Some have identified him as Orwell himself, although he is totally unmoved by the revolution and is apolitical, traits which would make him unlikely to be Orwell. He may represent the older generation who have no interest in the revolution and are cynical as to its possible benefits. On page 2 his description by the narrator is that ‘Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did it was usually to make some cynical remark’. Benjamin cares openly for only one other animal, Boxer and tries but fails to prevent him being taken away from the farm to his death. In the film it is Benjamin ,angered over Boxer’s death, who leads to the revolt against the pigs, however in the book as there is no second revolution he has no such central role.

Conclusion 

The novel is fully based on the corruption and how political party are working for own purpose.So the novel through writer George Orwell depict the reality of that time.when any person comes on the majority after he always become a cruel and corruption man.who know what is the rules and regulations but he can't follow the things.which established by government.although, he know the rules but can't follow because we can say that સતા એ જ માણસ ને નશો ચડાવે છે.....

1860 words

    

                        Thanks 😊